{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129089507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12432","title":"KeySense: LLM-Powered Hands-Down, Ten-Finger Typing on Commodity Touchscreens","display_name":"KeySense: LLM-Powered Hands-Down, Ten-Finger Typing on Commodity Touchscreens","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129089507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12432"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.12432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12432","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126124613","display_name":"Tony Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li, Tony","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126120617","display_name":"Yan Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059664382","display_name":"Zhuojun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-9452"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Zhuojun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126147788","display_name":"Chun Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005648942","display_name":"I. V. Ramakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-7043"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishnan, IV","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016901770","display_name":"Xiaojun Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9716-7709"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bi, Xiaojun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126124613"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9416000247001648,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9416000247001648,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/touchscreen","display_name":"Touchscreen","score":0.8907999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6610999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis","display_name":"Statistical analysis","score":0.28450000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778539339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165970","display_name":"Touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.8907999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7731000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6610999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777644245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203598","display_name":"Tapping","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121449826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864114","display_name":"Input device","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988504831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192366","display_name":"Text entry","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.12432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.12432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5513827204704285,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"touchscreen":[1],"software":[2,29],"keyboards":[3],"prevent":[4],"users":[5,99],"from":[6,41],"resting":[7],"their":[8],"hands,":[9],"forcing":[10],"slow":[11],"and":[12,48,82,90,112,134],"fatiguing":[13],"index-finger":[14],"tapping":[15],"(\"chicken":[16],"typing\")":[17],"instead":[18],"of":[19],"familiar":[20],"hands-down":[21],"ten-finger":[22,136],"typing.":[23],"We":[24],"present":[25],"KeySense,":[26],"a":[27,51],"purely":[28],"solution":[30],"that":[31,129],"preserves":[32],"physical":[33],"keyboard":[34],"motor":[35],"skills.":[36],"KeySense":[37,101,130],"isolates":[38],"intentional":[39],"taps":[40],"resting-finger":[42],"noise":[43],"using":[44],"cognitive-motor":[45],"timing":[46],"patterns,":[47],"then":[49],"uses":[50],"fine-tuned":[52],"LLM":[53],"decoder":[54,71],"to":[55],"convert":[56],"the":[57,63,70,95],"resulting":[58],"noisy":[59],"letter":[60],"sequence":[61],"into":[62],"intended":[64],"word.":[65],"In":[66],"controlled":[67],"component":[68],"tests,":[69],"substantially":[72],"outperforms":[73],"two":[74],"statistical":[75],"baselines":[76],"(top-1":[77],"accuracy":[78],"84.8%":[79],"vs":[80,110,121],"75.7%":[81],"79.3%).":[83],"A":[84],"12-participant":[85],"study":[86],"shows":[87],"clear":[88],"ergonomic":[89],"performance":[91],"benefits:":[92],"compared":[93],"with":[94],"conventional":[96],"hover-style":[97],"keyboard,":[98],"rated":[100],"as":[102],"markedly":[103],"less":[104],"physically":[105],"demanding":[106],"(NASA-TLX":[107],"median":[108],"1.5":[109],"4.0),":[111],"after":[113],"brief":[114],"practice":[115],"typed":[116],"significantly":[117],"faster":[118],"(WPM":[119],"28.3":[120],"26.2,":[122],"p":[123],"<":[124],"0.01).":[125],"These":[126],"results":[127],"indicate":[128],"enables":[131],"accurate,":[132],"efficient,":[133],"comfortable":[135],"text":[137],"entry":[138],"on":[139],"commodity":[140],"touchscreens":[141],"without":[142],"any":[143],"extra":[144],"hardware.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-17T06:10:05.244387","created_date":"2026-02-17T00:00:00"}