{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128691674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10863","title":"ICA: Information-Aware Credit Assignment for Visually Grounded Long-Horizon Information-Seeking Agents","display_name":"ICA: Information-Aware Credit Assignment for Visually Grounded Long-Horizon Information-Seeking Agents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128691674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10863"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125683346","display_name":"Cong Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pang, Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125770985","display_name":"Xuyu Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng, Xuyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125736953","display_name":"Yujie Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi, Yujie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125692226","display_name":"Zixuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Zixuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hong, Jiawei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong, Jiawei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003449134","display_name":"Tiankuo Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao, Tiankuo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124147743","display_name":"Nang Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Nang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079292022","display_name":"Jiapeng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5585-8632"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo, Jiapeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121809235","display_name":"Lewei Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Lewei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125684780","display_name":"Xin Lou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lou, Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125683346"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.8148000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.8148000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.03750000149011612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.029500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7228999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.37040001153945923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7907000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7228999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5291000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,97,140],"strong":[2],"performance":[3],"achieved":[4],"by":[5,18],"reinforcement":[6],"learning-trained":[7],"information-seeking":[8,127],"agents,":[9],"learning":[10,106],"in":[11,143,154],"open-ended":[12,144],"web":[13,145],"environments":[14],"remains":[15],"severely":[16],"constrained":[17],"low":[19],"signal-to-noise":[20],"feedback.":[21],"Text-based":[22],"parsers":[23],"often":[24],"discard":[25],"layout":[26,64],"semantics":[27],"and":[28,71,103,149],"introduce":[29,82],"unstructured":[30],"noise,":[31],"while":[32],"long-horizon":[33],"training":[34,117],"typically":[35],"relies":[36],"on":[37,125],"sparse":[38],"outcome":[39,99],"rewards":[40],"that":[41,54,90,131],"obscure":[42],"which":[43],"retrieval":[44],"actions":[45],"actually":[46],"matter.":[47],"We":[48],"propose":[49],"a":[50,87,115],"visual-native":[51],"search":[52,111],"framework":[53],"represents":[55],"webpages":[56],"as":[57],"visual":[58,132],"snapshots,":[59],"allowing":[60],"agents":[61],"to":[62,66,96,109],"leverage":[63],"cues":[65],"quickly":[67],"localize":[68],"salient":[69],"evidence":[70,130],"suppress":[72],"distractors.":[73],"To":[74],"learn":[75],"effectively":[76],"from":[77],"these":[78],"high-dimensional":[79],"observations,":[80],"we":[81],"Information-Aware":[83],"Credit":[84],"Assignment":[85],"(ICA),":[86],"post-hoc":[88],"method":[89],"estimates":[91],"each":[92],"retrieved":[93],"snapshot's":[94],"contribution":[95],"final":[98],"via":[100],"posterior":[101],"analysis":[102],"propagates":[104],"dense":[105],"signals":[107],"back":[108],"key":[110],"turns.":[112],"Integrated":[113],"with":[114,135],"GRPO-based":[116],"pipeline,":[118],"our":[119],"approach":[120],"consistently":[121],"outperforms":[122],"text-based":[123],"baselines":[124],"diverse":[126],"benchmarks,":[128],"providing":[129],"snapshot":[133],"grounding":[134],"information-level":[136],"credit":[137],"assignment":[138],"alleviates":[139],"credit-assignment":[141],"bottleneck":[142],"environments.":[146],"The":[147],"code":[148],"datasets":[150],"will":[151],"be":[152],"released":[153],"https://github.com/pc-inno/ICA_MM_deepsearch.git.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-02-13T00:00:00"}