{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128686665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10716","title":"RE-LLM: Refining Empathetic Speech-LLM Responses by Integrating Emotion Nuance","display_name":"RE-LLM: Refining Empathetic Speech-LLM Responses by Integrating Emotion Nuance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128686665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10716"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10716","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125733614","display_name":"Jing-Han Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Jing-Han","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125772524","display_name":"Bo-Hao Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su, Bo-Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072913376","display_name":"Ya-Tse Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Ya-Tse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086107623","display_name":"Chi-Chun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-4321"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Chi-Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.828499972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.828499972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.03660000115633011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.032499998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.7875000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-work","display_name":"Emotion work","score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-science","display_name":"Affective science","score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-classification","display_name":"Emotion classification","score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-emotion","display_name":"Negative emotion","score":0.40709999203681946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.7875000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5734999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117409633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373756","display_name":"Emotion work","level":2,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128534915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475770","display_name":"Affective science","level":3,"score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206310091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750859","display_name":"Emotion classification","level":2,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020014160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6987190","display_name":"Negative emotion","level":2,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143110190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373787","display_name":"Emotional expression","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60044698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283324","display_name":"Refining (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523747","display_name":"Expressed emotion","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174107131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191591","display_name":"Emotional intelligence","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159237981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498207","display_name":"Emotional contagion","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.43409112095832825,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"generative":[1],"AI":[2],"advancing,":[3],"empathy":[4,56],"in":[5,55,119],"human-AI":[6],"interaction":[7],"is":[8],"essential.":[9],"While":[10],"prior":[11],"work":[12],"focuses":[13],"on":[14,28,78,90,95,101,110,113,117],"emotional":[15,17,128],"reflection,":[16],"exploration,":[18],"key":[19],"to":[20,73],"deeper":[21],"engagement,":[22],"remains":[23],"overlooked.":[24],"Existing":[25],"LLMs":[26],"rely":[27],"text":[29],"which":[30],"captures":[31],"limited":[32],"emotion":[33,45,121],"nuances.":[34],"To":[35],"address":[36],"this,":[37],"we":[38],"propose":[39],"RE-LLM,":[40],"a":[41],"speech-LLM":[42,76],"integrating":[43],"dimensional":[44],"embeddings":[46],"and":[47,70,75,88,93,97,99,115,130],"auxiliary":[48],"learning.":[49],"Experiments":[50],"show":[51],"statistically":[52],"significant":[53],"gains":[54],"metrics":[57],"across":[58],"three":[59],"datasets.":[60],"RE-LLM":[61],"relatively":[62],"improves":[63],"the":[64,83,126],"Emotional":[65],"Reaction":[66],"score":[67,85],"by":[68,86,108],"14.79%":[69],"6.76%":[71],"compared":[72],"text-only":[74],"baselines":[77],"ESD.":[79],"Notably,":[80],"it":[81],"raises":[82],"Exploration":[84],"35.42%":[87],"3.91%":[89],"IEMOCAP,":[91,111],"139.28%":[92],"9.83%":[94],"ESD,":[96,114],"60.95%":[98],"22.64%":[100],"MSP-PODCAST.":[102],"It":[103],"also":[104],"boosts":[105],"unweighted":[106],"accuracy":[107],"5.4%":[109],"2.3%":[112],"6.9%":[116],"MSP-PODCAST":[118],"speech":[120],"recognition.":[122],"These":[123],"results":[124],"highlight":[125],"enriched":[127],"understanding":[129],"improved":[131],"empathetic":[132],"response":[133],"generation":[134],"of":[135],"RE-LLM.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-16T07:02:28.622633","created_date":"2026-02-13T00:00:00"}
