{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128675064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10162","title":"Limits of Residual-Based Detection for Physically Consistent False Data Injection","display_name":"Limits of Residual-Based Detection for Physically Consistent False Data Injection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128675064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10162"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125716929","display_name":"Chenhan Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Chenhan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125707301","display_name":"Yang Weng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weng, Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.8985000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.8985000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5496000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5406000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.5112000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5072000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructive","display_name":"Constructive","score":0.426800012588501}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5496000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5406000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.5112000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5072000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.426800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55037315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421151","display_name":"Experimental data","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986056383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556030","display_name":"Power flow","level":4,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.10162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.10162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5883264541625977}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"False":[0],"data":[1],"injection":[2],"attacks":[3],"(FDIAs)":[4],"pose":[5],"a":[6,89,119,140],"persistent":[7],"challenge":[8],"to":[9,78,133],"AC":[10,67,130,154,179],"power":[11,68,131],"system":[12,108],"state":[13,180],"estimation.":[14],"In":[15],"current":[16],"practice,":[17,116],"detection":[18,162,177],"relies":[19],"primarily":[20],"on":[21,61,100,152],"topology-aware":[22],"residual-based":[23,74,145,176],"tests":[24],"that":[25,46,59,123],"assume":[26],"malicious":[27],"measurements":[28,58],"can":[29,147],"be":[30,148],"distinguished":[31],"from":[32,81],"normal":[33],"operation":[34],"through":[35],"physical":[36,107],"inconsistency":[37],"reflected":[38],"in":[39,115,178],"abnormal":[40],"residual":[41],"behavior.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"shows":[45],"this":[47,112],"assumption":[48],"does":[49,97],"not":[50,98],"always":[51],"hold:":[52],"when":[53],"FDIA":[54],"scenarios":[55],"produce":[56],"manipulated":[57],"remain":[60],"the":[62,92,101,106,125,158,184],"measurement":[63,72,93,190],"manifold":[64,94],"induced":[65],"by":[66],"flow":[69,132],"relations":[70],"and":[71,96,165,182],"redundancy,":[73],"detectors":[75,146],"may":[76],"fail":[77],"distinguish":[79],"them":[80],"nominal":[82],"data.":[83],"The":[84,170],"resulting":[85],"detectability":[86],"limitation":[87,113],"is":[88],"property":[90],"of":[91,105,129,143,175],"itself":[95],"depend":[99],"attacker's":[102],"detailed":[103],"knowledge":[104],"model.":[109],"To":[110],"make":[111],"observable":[114],"we":[117],"present":[118],"data-driven":[120],"constructive":[121],"mechanism":[122],"incorporates":[124],"generic":[126],"functional":[127],"structure":[128],"generate":[134],"physically":[135],"consistent,":[136],"manifold-constrained":[137],"perturbations,":[138],"providing":[139],"concrete":[141],"witness":[142],"how":[144],"bypassed.":[149],"Numerical":[150],"studies":[151],"multiple":[153],"test":[155],"systems":[156],"characterize":[157],"conditions":[159],"under":[160],"which":[161],"becomes":[163],"challenging":[164],"illustrate":[166],"its":[167],"failure":[168],"modes.":[169],"results":[171],"highlight":[172],"fundamental":[173],"limits":[174],"estimation":[181],"motivate":[183],"need":[185],"for":[186],"complementary":[187],"defenses":[188],"beyond":[189],"consistency":[191],"tests.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-02-13T00:00:00"}
