{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128634776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.09343","title":"Not-in-Perspective: Towards Shielding Google's Perspective API Against Adversarial Negation Attacks","display_name":"Not-in-Perspective: Towards Shielding Google's Perspective API Against Adversarial Negation Attacks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128634776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.09343"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.09343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.09343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.09343","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079860779","display_name":"Michail S. Alexiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-2107"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexiou, Michail S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125630685","display_name":"J. Sukarno Mertoguno","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mertoguno, J. Sukarno","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079860779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9254999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9254999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.029500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negation","display_name":"Negation","score":0.885200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8166999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-machine-learning","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.3928000032901764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2185349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190558","display_name":"Negation","level":2,"score":0.885200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8166999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6651999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.588699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778403875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20312394","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","level":3,"score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.426800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.09343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.09343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.09343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.09343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.451297402381897,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rise":[1],"of":[2,26,68,105,112,130],"cyberbullying":[3],"in":[4,57],"social":[5],"media":[6],"platforms":[7],"involving":[8],"toxic":[9],"comments":[10],"has":[11],"escalated":[12],"the":[13,94,101,128],"need":[14],"for":[15],"effective":[16],"ways":[17],"to":[18,46],"monitor":[19],"and":[20,59,85,98,103,134],"moderate":[21],"online":[22],"interactions.":[23],"Existing":[24],"solutions":[25,42],"automated":[27],"toxicity":[28,78,106],"detection":[29,79],"systems,":[30],"are":[31,43],"based":[32,52],"on":[33,115],"a":[34,66,121],"machine":[35,76,117],"or":[36],"deep":[37],"learning":[38,77,118],"algorithms.":[39],"However,":[40],"statistics-based":[41],"generally":[44],"prone":[45],"adversarial":[47,123],"attacks":[48],"that":[49,62,72],"contain":[50],"logic":[51],"modifications":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55,82],"negation":[56,95,122],"phrases":[58],"sentences.":[60],"In":[61],"regard,":[63],"we":[64],"present":[65],"set":[67],"formal":[69,89],"reasoning-based":[70],"methodologies":[71],"wrap":[73],"around":[74],"existing":[75],"systems.":[80],"Acting":[81],"both":[83],"pre-processing":[84],"post-processing":[86],"steps,":[87],"our":[88,113],"reasoning":[90,133],"wrapper":[91,114],"helps":[92],"alleviating":[93],"attack":[96],"problems":[97],"significantly":[99],"improves":[100],"accuracy":[102],"efficacy":[104],"scoring.":[107],"We":[108],"evaluate":[109],"different":[110],"variations":[111],"multiple":[116],"models":[119],"against":[120,137],"dataset.":[124],"Experimental":[125],"results":[126],"highlight":[127],"improvement":[129],"hybrid":[131],"(formal":[132],"machine-learning)":[135],"methods":[136],"various":[138],"purely":[139],"statistical":[140],"solutions.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-12T06:17:30.163165","created_date":"2026-02-12T00:00:00"}
