{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128466130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.08948","title":"CoRefine: Confidence-Guided Self-Refinement for Adaptive Test-Time Compute","display_name":"CoRefine: Confidence-Guided Self-Refinement for Adaptive Test-Time Compute","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128466130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.08948"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125578815","display_name":"Chen Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin, Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034847455","display_name":"Ryutaro Tanno","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanno, Ryutaro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058474860","display_name":"Tom Diethe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-5407"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diethe, Tom","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067992725","display_name":"Philip Teare","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teare, Philip","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125578815"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.3732999861240387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.3732999861240387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.1404000073671341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.04879999905824661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8202000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6244000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4203000068664551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8202000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.767799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6244000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4681999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.08948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"often":[4],"rely":[5],"on":[6],"test-time":[7],"scaling":[8],"via":[9,42],"parallel":[10],"decoding":[11],"(for":[12],"example,":[13],"512":[14],"samples)":[15],"to":[16,57,60,86,120],"boost":[17],"reasoning":[18,91,158],"accuracy,":[19],"but":[20],"this":[21,119],"incurs":[22],"substantial":[23],"compute.":[24],"We":[25,117],"introduce":[26],"CoRefine,":[27],"a":[28,37,43,49,65,122,143,148,153],"confidence-guided":[29],"self-refinement":[30],"method":[31],"that":[32,108,126],"achieves":[33,99],"competitive":[34],"accuracy":[35],"using":[36],"fraction":[38],"of":[39,74],"the":[40,97],"tokens":[41],"lightweight":[44],"211k-parameter":[45],"Conv1D":[46],"controller":[47,53,98],"atop":[48],"frozen":[50],"LLM.":[51],"The":[52],"consumes":[54],"full-trace":[55],"confidence":[56,109,141],"decide":[58],"whether":[59],"halt,":[61],"re-examine,":[62],"or":[63],"try":[64],"different":[66],"approach,":[67],"enabling":[68],"targeted":[69],"self-correction":[70],"with":[71,132,162],"an":[72],"average":[73],"2.7":[75],"refinement":[76],"steps":[77],"per":[78],"problem":[79],"and":[80,93,130,136,159],"roughly":[81],"190-fold":[82],"token":[83],"reduction":[84],"relative":[85],"512-sample":[87],"baselines.":[88],"Across":[89],"diverse":[90],"benchmarks":[92],"three":[94],"open-source":[95],"models,":[96],"92.6":[100],"percent":[101],"precision":[102],"when":[103],"it":[104],"confidently":[105],"halts,":[106],"indicating":[107],"dynamics":[110],"reliably":[111],"signal":[112,145],"correctness":[113,149],"without":[114],"ground-truth":[115],"verification.":[116],"extend":[118],"CoRefine-Tree,":[121],"hybrid":[123],"sequential-parallel":[124],"variant":[125],"adaptively":[127],"balances":[128],"exploration":[129],"exploitation,":[131],"easy":[133],"serving":[134],"integration":[135],"verifier":[137],"compatibility.":[138],"By":[139],"treating":[140],"as":[142],"control":[144],"rather":[146],"than":[147],"guarantee,":[150],"CoRefine":[151],"provides":[152],"modular":[154],"primitive":[155],"for":[156],"scalable":[157],"agentic":[160],"settings":[161],"imperfect":[163],"verifiers.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}