{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128551991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.08387","title":"Modalities, a PyTorch-native Framework For Large-scale LLM Training and Research","display_name":"Modalities, a PyTorch-native Framework For Large-scale LLM Training and Research","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128551991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.08387"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125573983","display_name":"Max L\u00fcbbering","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L\u00fcbbering, Max","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009439876","display_name":"T. Ruland","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruland, Timm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093073366","display_name":"Richard Rutmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rutmann, Richard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028504114","display_name":"Felix Stollenwerk","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stollenwerk, Felix","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125501393","display_name":"David Fitzek","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fitzek, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125575671","display_name":"Michael Fromm","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fromm, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125501006","display_name":"Alexander Weber","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weber, Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123498705","display_name":"Rafet Sifa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sifa, Rafet","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125576486","display_name":"Nicolas Flores-Herr","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flores-Herr, Nicolas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125569071","display_name":"Joachim K\u00f6hler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K\u00f6hler, Joachim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011914487","display_name":"Mehdi Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-3920"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali, Mehdi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125573983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.4255000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.4255000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.10289999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.050200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7204999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7178999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.6018999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.4375999867916107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7204999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7178999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6018999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778293151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5036367","display_name":"Capstone","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.26350000500679016}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.08387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today's":[0],"LLM":[1,55,105],"(pre-)":[2],"training":[3,60,106],"and":[4,43,75,80,94],"research":[5,56],"workflows":[6],"typically":[7],"allocate":[8],"a":[9],"significant":[10],"amount":[11],"of":[12,23],"compute":[13,21],"to":[14,38,100],"large-scale":[15,58],"ablation":[16],"studies.":[17],"Despite":[18],"the":[19],"substantial":[20],"costs":[22],"these":[24,33],"ablations,":[25],"existing":[26,104],"open-source":[27],"frameworks":[28],"provide":[29],"limited":[30],"tooling":[31],"for":[32],"experiments,":[34],"often":[35],"forcing":[36],"researchers":[37],"write":[39],"their":[40],"own":[41],"wrappers":[42],"scripts.":[44],"We":[45],"propose":[46],"Modalities,":[47],"an":[48],"end-to-end":[49],"PyTorch-native":[50],"framework":[51],"that":[52,97],"integrates":[53],"data-driven":[54],"with":[57,88,103],"model":[59],"from":[61],"two":[62],"angles.":[63],"Firstly,":[64],"by":[65],"integrating":[66],"state-of-the-art":[67],"parallelization":[68],"strategies,":[69],"it":[70],"enables":[71],"both":[72],"efficient":[73],"pretraining":[74],"systematic":[76],"ablations":[77],"at":[78],"trillion-token":[79],"billion-parameter":[81],"scale.":[82],"Secondly,":[83],"Modalities":[84],"adopts":[85],"modular":[86],"design":[87],"declarative,":[89],"self-contained":[90],"configuration,":[91],"enabling":[92],"reproducibility":[93],"extensibility":[95],"levels":[96],"are":[98],"difficult":[99],"achieve":[101],"out-of-the-box":[102],"frameworks.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}