{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128498199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.08169","title":"Spherical Steering: Geometry-Aware Activation Rotation for Language Models","display_name":"Spherical Steering: Geometry-Aware Activation Rotation for Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128498199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.08169"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125491923","display_name":"Zejia You","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You, Zejia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125495380","display_name":"Chunyuan Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deng, Chunyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125517827","display_name":"Hanjie Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Hanjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15635066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5171999931335449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5171999931335449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.11140000075101852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.06849999725818634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesic","display_name":"Geodesic","score":0.7189000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.6541000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6294999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5110999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.3515999913215637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165818556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213488","display_name":"Geodesic","level":2,"score":0.7189000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6541000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6294999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6029000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5110999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7305733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207961","display_name":"Geometric shape","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104065381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1002535","display_name":"Geometric modeling","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192939610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188444","display_name":"Differential geometry","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.08169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.08169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4011958837509155,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inference-time":[0],"steering":[1,76,93],"offers":[2],"a":[3,43,58,66,69,87,142],"promising":[4],"way":[5],"to":[6],"control":[7],"language":[8],"models":[9],"(LMs)":[10],"without":[11],"retraining.":[12],"However,":[13],"standard":[14],"approaches":[15],"typically":[16],"rely":[17],"on":[18,96,115],"activation":[19,51],"addition,":[20],"which":[21],"inevitably":[22],"alters":[23],"the":[24,78,123,132],"hidden-state":[25],"magnitudes":[26],"raising":[27],"concerns":[28],"about":[29],"representation":[30],"collapse":[31],"and":[32,118,144],"degraded":[33],"open-ended":[34,126],"generation.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37,48],"work,":[38],"we":[39,85],"explore":[40],"Spherical":[41,106],"Steering,":[42],"training-free":[44],"primitive":[45,146],"that":[46,90,105,138],"resolves":[47],"trade-off":[49],"through":[50],"rotation.":[52],"Rather":[53],"than":[54],"shifting":[55],"activations":[56],"with":[57],"fixed":[59],"vector,":[60],"our":[61],"method":[62],"rotates":[63],"them":[64],"along":[65],"geodesic":[67],"toward":[68,77],"target":[70,79],"direction,":[71],"preserving":[72],"signal":[73],"integrity":[74],"while":[75,120],"concept.":[80],"To":[81],"further":[82],"enhance":[83],"adaptivity,":[84],"incorporate":[86],"confidence":[88],"gate":[89],"dynamically":[91],"modulates":[92],"strength":[94],"based":[95],"input":[97],"uncertainty.":[98],"Extensive":[99],"experiments":[100],"across":[101],"multiple-choice":[102],"benchmarks":[103],"demonstrate":[104],"Steering":[107],"significantly":[108],"outperforms":[109],"addition-based":[110],"baselines":[111],"(notably":[112],"by":[113],"+10%":[114],"TruthfulQA,":[116],"COPA,":[117],"Storycloze),":[119],"simultaneously":[121],"maintaining":[122],"model's":[124],"general":[125],"generation":[127],"quality.":[128],"This":[129],"work":[130],"highlights":[131],"value":[133],"of":[134],"geometric":[135],"consistency,":[136],"suggesting":[137],"norm-preserving":[139],"rotation":[140],"is":[141,153],"robust":[143],"effective":[145],"for":[147],"precise":[148],"inference-time":[149],"control.":[150],"The":[151],"code":[152],"available":[154],"at:":[155],"https://github.com/chili-lab/Spherical-Steering.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}