{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128083961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.05463","title":"Thermodynamic Limits of Physical Intelligence","display_name":"Thermodynamic Limits of Physical Intelligence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128083961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.05463"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.05463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125152349","display_name":"Koichi Takahashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takahashi, Koichi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125210247","display_name":"Yusuke Hayashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayashi, Yusuke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125152349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.3264000117778778,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.3264000117778778,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.10540000349283218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.07660000026226044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-system","display_name":"Physical system","score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corollary","display_name":"Corollary","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.3156999945640564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5311999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780012671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1343870","display_name":"Corollary","level":2,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779058145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294583","display_name":"Joule (programming language)","level":3,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129537906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603913","display_name":"State variable","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.05463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.05463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.05463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.05463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9238458275794983,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"AI":[1],"systems":[2],"achieve":[3],"remarkable":[4],"capabilities":[5],"at":[6],"the":[7,66,160,177,185],"cost":[8,76,225],"of":[9,36,85,111,188,219],"substantial":[10],"energy":[11,54],"consumption.":[12],"To":[13],"connect":[14],"intelligence":[15],"to":[16,227,239],"physical":[17,86],"efficiency,":[18],"we":[19,97,121,137,183,204,236],"propose":[20,205],"two":[21,83],"complementary":[22],"bits-per-joule":[23,233],"metrics":[24,213],"under":[25,116,130],"explicit":[26,117,131],"accounting":[27],"conventions:":[28],"(1)":[29],"Thermodynamic":[30],"Epiplexity":[31],"per":[32,51,63,73],"Joule":[33,64],"--":[34,59,65,148,162],"bits":[35],"structural":[37],"information":[38,163],"about":[39],"a":[40,56,78,100,109,112,139,206,216],"theoretical":[41],"environment-instance":[42],"variable":[43,180],"newly":[44],"encoded":[45],"in":[46],"an":[47],"agent's":[48],"internal":[49],"state":[50],"unit":[52],"measured":[53],"within":[55],"stated":[57],"boundary":[58,161],"and":[60,120,133,149,165,194,224,230,235],"(2)":[61],"Empowerment":[62],"embodied":[67],"sensorimotor":[68],"channel":[69],"capacity":[70],"(control":[71],"information)":[72],"expected":[74],"energetic":[75],"over":[77],"fixed":[79],"horizon.":[80],"These":[81],"provide":[82],"axes":[84],"intelligence:":[87],"recognition":[88],"(model-building)":[89],"vs.control":[90],"(action":[91],"influence).":[92],"Drawing":[93],"on":[94],"stochastic":[95],"thermodynamics,":[96],"show":[98],"how":[99,123],"Landauer-scale":[101],"closed-cycle":[102,128],"benchmark":[103],"for":[104,152],"epiplexity":[105,189,193],"acquisition":[106],"follows":[107],"as":[108,127,201],"corollary":[110],"standard":[113],"thermodynamic-learning":[114],"inequality":[115],"subsystem":[118],"assumptions,":[119],"clarify":[122],"Landauer-scaled":[124],"costs":[125],"act":[126],"benchmarks":[129],"reset/reuse":[132],"boundary-closure":[134],"assumptions;":[135],"conversely,":[136],"give":[138],"simple":[140],"decoupling":[141],"construction":[142],"showing":[143],"that":[144,210],"without":[145,150],"such":[146],"assumptions":[147],"charging":[151],"externally":[153],"prepared":[154],"low-entropy":[155],"resources":[156],"(e.g.fresh":[157],"memory)":[158],"crossing":[159],"gain":[164],"in-boundary":[166],"dissipation":[167],"need":[168],"not":[169],"be":[170],"tightly":[171],"linked.":[172],"For":[173],"empirical":[174],"settings":[175],"where":[176],"latent":[178],"structure":[179],"is":[181],"unavailable,":[182],"align":[184],"operational":[186],"notion":[187],"with":[190,215],"compute-bounded":[191],"MDL":[192],"recommend":[195],"reporting":[196],"MDL-epiplexity":[197],"/":[198],"compression-gain":[199],"surrogates":[200],"companions.":[202],"Finally,":[203],"unified":[207],"efficiency":[208],"framework":[209],"reports":[211],"both":[212],"together":[214],"minimal":[217],"checklist":[218],"boundary/energy":[220],"accounting,":[221],"coarse-graining/noise,":[222],"horizon/reset,":[223],"conventions":[226],"reduce":[228],"ambiguity":[229],"support":[231],"consistent":[232],"comparisons,":[234],"sketch":[237],"connections":[238],"energy-adjusted":[240],"scaling":[241],"analyses.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}