{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128074195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.05374","title":"Cross-Lingual Empirical Evaluation of Large Language Models for Arabic Medical Tasks","display_name":"Cross-Lingual Empirical Evaluation of Large Language Models for Arabic Medical Tasks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128074195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.05374"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.05374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120024057","display_name":"Chaimae Abouzahir","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abouzahir, Chaimae","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023786339","display_name":"Congbo Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Congbo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125204869","display_name":"Nizar Habash","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habash, Nizar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023660328","display_name":"Farah E. Shamout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-725X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamout, Farah E.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120024057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.42419999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.42419999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.2754000127315521,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.05820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-analysis","display_name":"Lexical analysis","score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4101000130176544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6151000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176982825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835922","display_name":"Lexical analysis","level":2,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.25929999351501465}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.05374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.05374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.05374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.05374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6730511784553528,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,61],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"have":[7],"become":[8],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"in":[11,45,47,100,130],"medical":[12,19,22,52,77,102,133],"applications,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"clinical":[16],"decision":[17],"support,":[18],"education,":[20],"and":[21,34,75,79,111,127],"question":[23,78],"answering.":[24,80],"Yet,":[25],"these":[26,119],"models":[27],"are":[28],"often":[29],"English-centric,":[30],"limiting":[31],"their":[32],"robustness":[33],"reliability":[35,105],"for":[36,50,124,132],"linguistically":[37],"diverse":[38],"communities.":[39],"Recent":[40],"work":[41],"has":[42],"highlighted":[43],"discrepancies":[44],"performance":[46,72,87],"low-resource":[48],"languages":[49],"various":[51],"tasks,":[53],"but":[54],"the":[55,122],"underlying":[56],"causes":[57],"remain":[58],"poorly":[59],"understood.":[60],"this":[62],"study,":[63],"we":[64],"conduct":[65],"a":[66,84],"cross-lingual":[67],"empirical":[68],"analysis":[69,96,106],"of":[70],"LLM":[71],"on":[73],"Arabic":[74,101],"English":[76],"Our":[81],"findings":[82,120],"reveal":[83],"persistent":[85],"language-driven":[86],"gap":[88],"that":[89,108],"intensifies":[90],"with":[91,116],"increasing":[92],"task":[93],"complexity.":[94],"Tokenization":[95],"exposes":[97],"structural":[98],"fragmentation":[99],"text,":[103],"while":[104],"suggests":[107],"model-reported":[109],"confidence":[110],"explanations":[112],"exhibit":[113],"limited":[114],"correlation":[115],"correctness.":[117],"Together,":[118],"underscore":[121],"need":[123],"language-aware":[125],"design":[126],"evaluation":[128],"strategies":[129],"LLMs":[131],"tasks.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}
