{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127937450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.04206","title":"Enforcing Monotonic Progress in Legal Cross-Examination: Preventing Long-Horizon Stagnation in LLM-Based Inquiry","display_name":"Enforcing Monotonic Progress in Legal Cross-Examination: Preventing Long-Horizon Stagnation in LLM-Based Inquiry","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127937450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.04206"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.04206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125121333","display_name":"Hsien-Jyh Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liao, Hsien-Jyh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125121333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.2702000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.2702000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.1088000014424324,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.10459999740123749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluency","display_name":"Fluency","score":0.5733000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5407999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotonic-function","display_name":"Monotonic function","score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.41659998893737793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.5733000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5436000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5407999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127729010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60165","display_name":"Dynamic inconsistency","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96640997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163004","display_name":"Conservatism","level":3,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779149496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442100","display_name":"Procedural justice","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2685999870300293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.04206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.04206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.04206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.04206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4195473790168762,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"exhibit":[4],"impressive":[5],"linguistic":[6],"fluency":[7],"but":[8],"struggle":[9],"to":[10,31],"reliably":[11,110],"complete":[12],"long-horizon":[13],"tasks":[14],"under":[15],"explicit":[16,113],"procedural":[17,33,40],"constraints.":[18],"In":[19],"legal":[20],"cross-examination,":[21],"purely":[22],"proba-bilistic":[23],"generation":[24],"often":[25],"maintains":[26],"behavioral":[27],"coherence":[28],"while":[29,80],"failing":[30],"ensure":[32],"advancement.":[34],"We":[35],"characterize":[36],"this":[37],"failure":[38],"as":[39],"stagnation":[41],"and":[42,107,114],"propose":[43],"Soft-FSM,":[44],"a":[45],"neuro-symbolic":[46],"architecture":[47],"that":[48,73],"enforces":[49],"monotonic":[50],"progress":[51],"over":[52,84],"accumulated":[53],"Key":[54],"Information":[55],"Units":[56],"(KIUs)":[57],"via":[58],"an":[59],"external":[60,116],"deterministic":[61],"state":[62,117],"controller.":[63],"Experiments":[64],"on":[65],"three":[66],"real-world":[67],"Taiwanese":[68],"criminal":[69],"homicide":[70],"cases":[71],"show":[72],"baseline":[74],"methods":[75],"collapse":[76],"below":[77],"40%":[78],"completeness,":[79],"Soft-FSM":[81],"consistently":[82],"achieves":[83],"97%":[85],"with":[86],"near-zero":[87],"redundancy.":[88],"These":[89],"results":[90],"suggest":[91],"that,":[92],"in":[93],"such":[94],"domains,":[95],"reliable":[96],"task":[97],"completion":[98],"cannot":[99],"be":[100,109],"guaranteed":[101],"by":[102],"emergent":[103],"LLM":[104],"behavior":[105],"alone,":[106],"can":[108],"enforced":[111],"through":[112],"verifiable":[115],"control.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}