{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127579233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.02712","title":"Towards Understanding Steering Strength","display_name":"Towards Understanding Steering Strength","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127579233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.02712"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.02712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094583796","display_name":"Magamed Taimeskhanov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taimeskhanov, Magamed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065881667","display_name":"Samuel Vaiter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4077-708X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaiter, Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125021903","display_name":"Damien Garreau","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garreau, Damien","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.243599995970726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.243599995970726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.10409999638795853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.06319999694824219,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5884000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5629000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4927999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.34209999442100525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6274999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5884000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5629000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4927999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31266012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340","display_name":"Linkage (software)","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.02712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.02712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.02712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.02712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4611285924911499,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"popular":[1],"approach":[2],"to":[3,42,52,142],"post-training":[4],"control":[5],"of":[6,14,56,91,103,123],"large":[7],"language":[8,134],"models":[9],"(LLMs)":[10],"is":[11,48,62],"the":[12,25,54,57,67,76,87],"steering":[13,92,124],"intermediate":[15],"latent":[16],"representations.":[17],"Namely,":[18],"identify":[19],"a":[20,104,138],"well-chosen":[21],"direction":[22,34],"depending":[23],"on":[24,98,132],"task":[26],"at":[27,35],"hand":[28],"and":[29,66,75,106],"perturbs":[30],"representations":[31],"along":[32],"this":[33,44,83],"inference":[36],"time.":[37],"While":[38],"many":[39],"propositions":[40],"exist":[41],"pick":[43],"direction,":[45],"considerably":[46],"less":[47],"understood":[49],"about":[50],"how":[51],"choose":[53],"magnitude":[55],"move,":[58],"whereas":[59],"its":[60,96],"importance":[61],"clear:":[63],"too":[64,73],"little":[65],"intended":[68],"behavior":[69],"does":[70],"not":[71],"emerge,":[72],"much":[74],"model's":[77],"performance":[78],"degrades":[79],"beyond":[80],"repair.":[81],"In":[82],"work,":[84],"we":[85],"propose":[86],"first":[88],"theoretical":[89,129],"analysis":[90,116],"strength.":[93,125],"We":[94,126],"characterize":[95],"effect":[97],"next":[99],"token":[100],"probability,":[101],"presence":[102],"concept,":[105],"cross-entropy,":[107],"deriving":[108],"precise":[109],"qualitative":[110],"laws":[111],"governing":[112],"these":[113],"quantities.":[114],"Our":[115],"reveals":[117],"surprising":[118],"behaviors,":[119],"including":[120],"non-monotonic":[121],"effects":[122],"validate":[127],"our":[128],"predictions":[130],"empirically":[131],"eleven":[133],"models,":[135],"ranging":[136],"from":[137],"small":[139],"GPT":[140],"architecture":[141],"modern":[143],"models.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-06T00:00:00"}