{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127404609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.00973","title":"Exploration of Radar-based Obstacle Visualizations to Support Safety and Presence in Camera-Free Outdoor VR","display_name":"Exploration of Radar-based Obstacle Visualizations to Support Safety and Presence in Camera-Free Outdoor VR","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127404609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.00973"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.00973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.00973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.00973","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077497282","display_name":"Avinash Ajit Nargund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4224-3240"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nargund, Avinash Ajit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071886266","display_name":"Andrew Huard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7716-0588"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huard, Andrew L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124969748","display_name":"Tobias H\u00f6llerer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00f6llerer, Tobias","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123947035","display_name":"Misha Sra","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sra, Misha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.22310000658035278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.22310000658035278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.1266999989748001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.09109999984502792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.7128999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6811000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.35040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.7128999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.7116000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6811000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6782000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12380541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58300","display_name":"Geovisualization","level":4,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.00973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.00973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.00973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.00973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4766193926334381}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Outdoor":[0],"virtual":[1,28,127,140],"reality":[2],"(VR)":[3],"places":[4],"users":[5,69],"in":[6,26,176,207],"dynamic":[7],"physical":[8],"environments":[9],"where":[10],"they":[11],"must":[12],"remain":[13,70],"aware":[14],"of":[15,82,195],"real-world":[16],"obstacles,":[17],"including":[18],"static":[19],"structures":[20],"and":[21,39,77,90,142,169,180,217],"moving":[22],"bystanders,":[23],"while":[24],"immersed":[25],"a":[27,45,80,105,196],"scene.":[29],"This":[30],"dual":[31],"demand":[32],"introduces":[33],"challenges":[34],"for":[35,62,113,204],"both":[36],"user":[37,106,167,181,188],"safety":[38,168],"presence.":[40],"Millimeter-wave":[41],"(mmWave)":[42],"radar":[43],"offers":[44],"privacy-preserving":[46],"alternative":[47],"to":[48,68,86,213],"camera-based":[49],"sensing":[50,92],"by":[51],"detecting":[52],"obstacles":[53,115,124,134,150],"without":[54,154],"capturing":[55],"identifiable":[56],"visual":[57],"imagery,":[58],"yet":[59],"effective":[60],"methods":[61],"communicating":[63],"its":[64],"sparse":[65],"spatial":[66,152],"information":[67],"underexplored.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73,100],"work,":[74],"we":[75,103],"developed":[76],"validated":[78],"WaveWalkerClone,":[79],"reproduction":[81],"the":[83,126,139,149,193],"WaveWalker":[84],"system,":[85],"establish":[87],"reliable":[88],"radar-":[89],"GPS-IMU-based":[91],"under":[93],"varied":[94],"outdoor":[95,208],"lighting":[96],"conditions.":[97],"Building":[98],"on":[99],"feasibility":[101],"validation,":[102],"conducted":[104],"study":[107],"(n=18)":[108],"comparing":[109],"three":[110,164],"visualization":[111,206],"techniques":[112],"radar-detected":[114],":":[116],"(1)":[117],"diegetic":[118],"alien":[119],"avatars":[120,132],"that":[121,162,211],"visually":[122],"embed":[123],"within":[125],"narrative,":[128,141],"(2)":[129],"non-diegetic":[130],"human":[131],"represented":[133],"as":[135],"humans":[136],"inconsistent":[137],"with":[138,201],"(3)":[143],"abstract":[144],"point":[145],"clouds":[146],"centered":[147],"around":[148],"conveying":[151],"data":[153],"anthropomorphic":[155],"or":[156],"narrative":[157],"associations.":[158],"Our":[159],"results":[160],"show":[161],"all":[163],"approaches":[165],"supported":[166],"situational":[170],"awareness,":[171],"but":[172],"yielded":[173],"distinct":[174],"trade-offs":[175],"perceived":[177],"effort,":[178],"frustration,":[179],"preference.":[182],"Qualitative":[183],"feedback":[184],"further":[185],"revealed":[186],"divergent":[187],"responses":[189],"across":[190],"conditions,":[191],"highlighting":[192],"limitations":[194],"one-size-fits-all":[197],"approach.":[198],"We":[199],"conclude":[200],"design":[202],"considerations":[203],"obstacle":[205],"VR":[209],"systems":[210],"seek":[212],"balance":[214],"immersion,":[215],"safety,":[216],"bystander":[218],"privacy.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-16T07:02:28.622633","created_date":"2026-02-04T00:00:00"}