{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127120925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.22256","title":"SPARK: Real-Time Monitoring of Multi-Faceted Programming Exercises","display_name":"SPARK: Real-Time Monitoring of Multi-Faceted Programming Exercises","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127120925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.22256"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.22256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.22256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.22256","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121247782","display_name":"Yinuo Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Yinuo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326052","display_name":"Ge Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5978-3714"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Ashley Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069296306","display_name":"Steve Oney","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oney, Steve","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046673805","display_name":"April Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-4662"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, April Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121247782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dashboard","display_name":"Dashboard","score":0.6229000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spark","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-by-demonstration","display_name":"Programming by demonstration","score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-programming-language","display_name":"Visual programming language","score":0.3292999863624573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7414000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33499554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417134","display_name":"Dashboard","level":2,"score":0.6229000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781215313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493345","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779038628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248497","display_name":"Programming by demonstration","level":3,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128644962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683111","display_name":"Visual programming language","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.22256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.22256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.22256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.22256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6170188784599304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"in-class":[1],"programming":[2,126,144],"exercises":[3,50,127],"can":[4,17],"help":[5],"instructors":[6,71,99],"identify":[7],"struggling":[8],"students":[9,48],"and":[10,88,128],"common":[11],"challenges.":[12,68],"However,":[13],"understanding":[14],"students'":[15],"progress":[16,93],"be":[18],"prohibitively":[19],"difficult,":[20],"particularly":[21],"for":[22,85],"multi-faceted":[23],"problems":[24],"that":[25,41],"include":[26],"multiple":[27],"steps":[28],"with":[29,142],"complex":[30],"interdependencies,":[31],"have":[32],"no":[33],"predictable":[34],"completion":[35],"order,":[36],"or":[37],"involve":[38],"evaluation":[39,141],"criteria":[40],"are":[42],"difficult":[43],"to":[44,65,72,91,100],"summarize":[45],"across":[46,94],"many":[47],"(e.g.,":[49],"building":[51],"interactive":[52],"web-based":[53],"user":[54],"interfaces).":[55],"We":[56,110],"introduce":[57],"SPARK,":[58],"a":[59,113,139],"coding":[60,118],"exercise":[61,80],"monitoring":[62],"dashboard":[63],"designed":[64],"address":[66],"these":[67,86],"SPARK":[69,96,137],"allows":[70,98],"flexibly":[73],"group":[74],"substeps":[75],"into":[76,107,132],"checkpoints":[77],"based":[78],"on":[79],"requirements,":[81],"suggests":[82],"automated":[83],"tests":[84],"checkpoints,":[87],"generates":[89],"visualizations":[90],"track":[92],"steps.":[95],"also":[97,111],"inspect":[101],"intermediate":[102],"outputs,":[103],"providing":[104],"deeper":[105],"insights":[106,131],"solution":[108],"variations.":[109],"construct":[112],"dataset":[114],"of":[115,136],"40-minute":[116],"keystroke":[117],"data":[119],"from":[120],"N=22":[121],"learners":[122],"solving":[123],"two":[124],"web":[125],"provide":[129],"empirical":[130],"the":[133],"perceived":[134],"usefulness":[135],"through":[138],"within-subjects":[140],"16":[143],"instructors.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-05T00:54:17.221276","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}