{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126164131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.21680","title":"Incremental Fingerprinting in an Open World","display_name":"Incremental Fingerprinting in an Open World","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126164131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.21680"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.21680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124314517","display_name":"Loes Kruger","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kruger, Loes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124457406","display_name":"Paul Kobialka","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kobialka, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016658007","display_name":"Andrea Pferscher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9446-9541"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pferscher, Andrea","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124373289","display_name":"Einar Broch Johnsen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johnsen, Einar Broch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Junges, Sebastian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junges, Sebastian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124181123","display_name":"Jurriaan Rot","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rot, Jurriaan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124314517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.6782000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.6782000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.05959999933838844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.024399999529123306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7684000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.3346000015735626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7684000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.743399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776807809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510160","display_name":"Learning automata","level":3,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.21680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.21680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.21680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.21680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"protocol":[1,8],"fingerprinting":[2,16,45,68,82,110],"is":[3,35,58,117],"used":[4],"to":[5,29,84,144],"identify":[6],"a":[7,19,53,121,151,156],"implementation":[9,57,102],"by":[10,88,124],"analyzing":[11],"its":[12],"input-output":[13],"behavior.":[14],"Traditionally,":[15],"operates":[17],"under":[18,103],"closed-world":[20,94],"assumption,":[21],"where":[22,70],"models":[23,73],"of":[24,66,128,135,153],"all":[25,72],"implementations":[26],"are":[27,74],"assumed":[28],"be":[30],"available.":[31],"However,":[32],"this":[33,40],"assumption":[34,41],"unrealistic":[36],"in":[37,47,76,140,159],"practice.":[38],"When":[39],"does":[42],"not":[43,71],"hold,":[44],"results":[46,149],"numerous":[48],"misclassifications":[49,160],"without":[50],"indicating":[51],"that":[52],"model":[54,108,123],"for":[55],"an":[56,63,80,106],"missing.":[59],"Therefore,":[60],"we":[61],"introduce":[62],"open-world":[64],"variant":[65],"the":[67,86,101,126,133],"problem,":[69],"known":[75],"advance.":[77],"We":[78,131],"propose":[79],"incremental":[81],"approach":[83,97,137],"solve":[85],"problem":[87],"combining":[89],"active":[90],"automata":[91],"learning":[92],"with":[93,163],"fingerprinting.":[95],"Our":[96],"quickly":[98],"determines":[99],"whether":[100],"consideration":[104],"matches":[105],"available":[107,129],"using":[109],"and":[111,138,161],"conformance":[112],"checking.":[113],"If":[114],"no":[115],"match":[116],"found,":[118],"it":[119],"learns":[120],"new":[122],"exploiting":[125],"structure":[127],"models.":[130],"prove":[132],"correctness":[134],"our":[136],"improvements":[139],"asymptotic":[141],"complexity":[142],"compared":[143],"naive":[145],"baselines.":[146],"Moreover,":[147],"experimental":[148],"on":[150],"variety":[152],"protocols":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"significant":[157],"reduction":[158],"interactions":[162],"these":[164],"black-boxes.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2026-02-01T00:00:00"}