{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125788017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.18234","title":"Generative AI in Saudi Arabia: A National Survey of Adoption, Risks, and Public Perceptions","display_name":"Generative AI in Saudi Arabia: A National Survey of Adoption, Risks, and Public Perceptions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125788017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.18234"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.18234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.18234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.18234","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123987090","display_name":"Abdulaziz AlDakheel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"AlDakheel, Abdulaziz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123908387","display_name":"Ali Alshehre","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alshehre, Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123896130","display_name":"Esraa Alamoudi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alamoudi, Esraa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123937451","display_name":"Moslim AlKhabbaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AlKhabbaz, Moslim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123934541","display_name":"Ahmed Aljohani","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aljohani, Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124023856","display_name":"Raed Alharbi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alharbi, Raed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123987090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5622000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5622000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.19480000436306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.08349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5945000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snapshot","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-data-collection","display_name":"Survey data collection","score":0.29580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5945000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205112559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257735","display_name":"Public engagement","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.18234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.18234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.18234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.18234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700649738311768,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"Artificial":[1],"Intelligence":[2],"(GenAI)":[3],"is":[4],"rapidly":[5],"becoming":[6],"embedded":[7],"in":[8,147,169,196],"Saudi":[9,37,197],"Arabia's":[10],"digital":[11],"transformation":[12],"under":[13],"Vision":[14],"2030,":[15],"yet":[16,133],"public":[17],"awareness,":[18],"adoption,":[19],"and":[20,50,61,70,74,110,129,142,158,179,185,199,204,211,216,221],"concerns":[21,154],"surrounding":[22],"these":[23],"tools":[24],"remain":[25,113],"underexplored.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"provides":[29],"an":[30],"early":[31],"snapshot":[32],"of":[33,43,57,81,106],"GenAI":[34,58,85,171,194,214],"engagement":[35,195],"among":[36],"nationals.":[38],"Using":[39],"a":[40,191],"nationwide":[41],"survey":[42],"330":[44],"participants":[45],"across":[46],"regions,":[47],"age":[48],"groups,":[49],"employment":[51],"sectors,":[52],"we":[53],"examine":[54],"seven":[55],"dimensions":[56],"use:":[59],"awareness":[60,109],"understanding,":[62],"adoption":[63],"patterns,":[64],"perceived":[65],"impacts,":[66],"training":[67,172],"needs,":[68],"risks":[69],"barriers,":[71],"data-sharing":[72],"behaviors,":[73],"future":[75],"expectations.":[76],"Findings":[77],"show":[78,166],"that":[79,135,173],"93%":[80],"respondents":[82],"actively":[83],"use":[84],"primarily":[86],"for":[87,125,193,202,219],"text-based":[88],"tasks,":[89],"while":[90],"more":[91],"advanced":[92],"uses":[93],"such":[94],"as":[95],"programming":[96],"or":[97],"multimodal":[98],"generation":[99],"are":[100],"less":[101],"common.":[102],"Despite":[103],"the":[104],"prevalence":[105],"use,":[107],"overall":[108],"conceptual":[111],"understanding":[112,130],"uneven,":[114],"with":[115,152],"many":[116],"reporting":[117],"limited":[118],"technical":[119],"knowledge.":[120],"Participants":[121],"recognize":[122],"GenAI's":[123],"benefits":[124],"productivity,":[126],"work":[127],"quality,":[128],"complex":[131],"information,":[132],"caution":[134],"sustained":[136],"reliance":[137],"may":[138],"undermine":[139],"critical":[140],"thinking":[141],"key":[143],"professional":[144],"skills.":[145],"Trust":[146],"AI-generated":[148],"outputs":[149],"remains":[150],"cautious,":[151],"widespread":[153],"about":[155],"privacy,":[156,183],"misinformation,":[157],"ethical":[159],"misuse,":[160],"including":[161],"potential":[162],"job":[163],"displacement.":[164],"Respondents":[165],"strong":[167],"interest":[168],"structured":[170],"combines":[174],"foundational":[175],"skills,":[176],"domain-specific":[177],"applications,":[178],"clear":[180],"guidance":[181],"on":[182],"ethics,":[184],"responsible":[186,222],"use.":[187],"These":[188],"results":[189],"establish":[190],"baseline":[192],"Arabia":[198],"highlight":[200],"priorities":[201],"policymakers":[203],"developers:":[205],"expanding":[206],"AI":[207],"literacy,":[208],"ensuring":[209],"culturally":[210],"linguistically":[212],"aligned":[213],"solutions,":[215],"strengthening":[217],"frameworks":[218],"privacy":[220],"deployment.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-28T23:18:48.515280","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}