{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125502297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.15605","title":"ToxiTwitch: Toward Emote-Aware Hybrid Moderation for Live Streaming Platforms","display_name":"ToxiTwitch: Toward Emote-Aware Hybrid Moderation for Live Streaming Platforms","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125502297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.15605"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.15605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099082863","display_name":"Baktash Ansari","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ansari, Baktash","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Martin, Elias","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin, Elias","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mashhadi, Afra","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mashhadi, Afra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5099082863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation","display_name":"Moderation","score":0.6252999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-research","display_name":"Exploratory research","score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","score":0.3513999879360199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6783999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.6252999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240539","display_name":"Harassment","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120894424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory data analysis","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.15605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.15605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.15605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.15605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4720771014690399}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,48,90,106,122,161,176],"live-streaming":[4],"platforms":[5],"such":[6,20,63],"as":[7,21,64],"Twitch":[8,34],"has":[9],"introduced":[10],"complex":[11],"challenges":[12,173],"in":[13,40,58,75],"moderating":[14],"toxic":[15,107],"behavior.":[16,108],"Traditional":[17],"moderation":[18],"approaches,":[19],"human":[22,31],"annotation":[23],"and":[24,44,66,124,134,159,174],"keyword-based":[25],"filtering,":[26],"have":[27],"demonstrated":[28],"utility,":[29],"but":[30],"moderators":[32],"on":[33,180],"constantly":[35],"struggle":[36],"to":[37,95,146,171],"scale":[38],"effectively":[39],"the":[41,49,104,140],"fast-paced,":[42],"high-volume,":[43],"context-rich":[45],"chat":[46],"environment":[47],"platform":[50],"while":[51],"also":[52],"facing":[53],"harassment":[54],"themselves.":[55],"Recent":[56],"advances":[57],"large":[59],"language":[60],"models":[61],"(LLMs),":[62],"DeepSeek-R1-Distill":[65],"Llama-3-8B-Instruct,":[67],"offer":[68],"new":[69],"opportunities":[70],"for":[71],"toxicity":[72,91,178],"detection,":[73],"especially":[74],"understanding":[76],"nuanced,":[77],"multimodal":[78],"communication":[79],"involving":[80],"emotes.":[81],"In":[82,136],"this":[83,110],"work,":[84],"we":[85,112],"present":[86],"an":[87,167],"exploratory":[88,168],"comparison":[89],"detection":[92,105,179],"approaches":[93],"tailored":[94],"Twitch.":[96,181],"Our":[97],"analysis":[98],"reveals":[99],"that":[100,118],"incorporating":[101],"emotes":[102,125],"improves":[103],"To":[109],"end,":[111],"introduce":[113],"ToxiTwitch,":[114],"a":[115],"hybrid":[116,142],"model":[117],"combines":[119],"LLM-generated":[120],"embeddings":[121],"text":[123],"with":[126],"traditional":[127],"machine":[128],"learning":[129],"classifiers,":[130],"including":[131],"Random":[132],"Forest":[133],"SVM.":[135],"our":[137],"case":[138],"study,":[139],"proposed":[141],"approach":[143],"reaches":[144],"up":[145],"80":[147],"percent":[148,155],"accuracy":[149],"under":[150],"channel-specific":[151],"training":[152],"(with":[153],"13":[154],"improvement":[156],"over":[157],"BERT":[158],"F1-score":[160],"76":[162],"percent).":[163],"This":[164],"work":[165],"is":[166],"study":[169],"intended":[170],"surface":[172],"limits":[175],"emote-aware":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-01-24T00:00:00"}
