{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124706694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.11202","title":"Epistemic Control and the Normativity of Machine Learning-Based Science","display_name":"Epistemic Control and the Normativity of Machine Learning-Based Science","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124706694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.11202"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.11202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.11202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.11202","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034977046","display_name":"Emanuele Ratti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1409-8240"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ratti, Emanuele","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034977046"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.1868000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.1868000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.15379999577999115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.11389999836683273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5271000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pessimism","display_name":"Pessimism","score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.29269999265670776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.7572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5271000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9992130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484954","display_name":"Pessimism","level":2,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29554801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147027","display_name":"Thought experiment","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2718000113964081}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.11202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.11202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.11202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.11202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6980482935905457}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"past":[1],"few":[2],"years":[3],"have":[4],"witnessed":[5],"an":[6],"increasing":[7],"use":[8],"of":[9,22,25,33,36,56,78,84,101],"machine":[10],"learning":[11],"(ML)":[12],"systems":[13],"in":[14,54,76,104],"science.":[15,37,106],"Paul":[16],"Humphreys":[17,91],"has":[18],"argued":[19],"that,":[20],"because":[21],"specific":[23],"characteristics":[24],"ML":[26],"systems,":[27],"human":[28],"scientists":[29],"are":[30],"pushed":[31],"out":[32],"the":[34,85],"loop":[35],"In":[38],"this":[39,46,81],"chapter,":[40],"I":[41,50,58,62,87,95],"investigate":[42],"to":[43],"what":[44,57],"extent":[45],"is":[47],"true.":[48],"First,":[49],"express":[51],"these":[52],"concerns":[53],"terms":[55],"call":[59],"epistemic":[60,67,102],"control.":[61],"identify":[63],"two":[64],"conditions":[65],"for":[66],"control,":[68],"called":[69],"tracking":[70],"and":[71],"tracing,":[72],"drawing":[73],"on":[74],"works":[75],"philosophy":[77],"technology.":[79],"With":[80],"new":[82],"understanding":[83],"problem,":[86],"then":[88],"argue":[89],"against":[90],"pessimistic":[92],"view.":[93],"Finally,":[94],"construct":[96],"a":[97],"more":[98],"nuanced":[99],"view":[100],"control":[103],"ML-based":[105]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T17:29:24.968406","created_date":"2026-01-20T00:00:00"}
