{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124444574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.10083","title":"Starfield: Demand-Aware Satellite Topology Design for Low-Earth Orbit Mega Constellations","display_name":"Starfield: Demand-Aware Satellite Topology Design for Low-Earth Orbit Mega Constellations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124444574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.10083"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.10083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.10083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.10083","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123233583","display_name":"Shayan Hamidi Dehshali","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dehshali, Shayan Hamidi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054580728","display_name":"Tzu-Hsuan Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liao, Tzu-Hsuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021487050","display_name":"Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-634X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatakrishnan, Shaileshh Bojja","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9279999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9279999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.029899999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6090999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.5928000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellation","display_name":"Satellite constellation","score":0.391400009393692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6090999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.5928000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5623999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189216461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443456","display_name":"Topology optimization","level":3,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.10083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.10083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.10083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.10083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4207219183444977}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-Earth":[0],"orbit":[1],"(LEO)":[2],"mega-constellations":[3],"are":[4,66],"emerging":[5],"as":[6],"high-capacity":[7],"backbones":[8],"for":[9,156],"next-generation":[10],"Internet.":[11],"Deployment":[12],"of":[13,61,124,234],"laser":[14],"terminals":[15],"enables":[16],"high-bandwidth,":[17],"low-latency":[18],"inter-satellite":[19,74],"links":[20,75],"(ISLs);":[21],"however,":[22],"their":[23],"limited":[24],"number,":[25],"slow":[26],"acquisition,":[27],"and":[28,41,49,58,114,188,196,215],"instability":[29],"make":[30],"forming":[31],"a":[32,88,103,116,138,154,185,209,216,237],"stable":[33],"satellite":[34,91,165],"topology":[35,92],"difficult.":[36],"Existing":[37],"patterns":[38,65,246],"like":[39],"+Grid":[40,195],"Motif":[42],"ignore":[43],"regional":[44],"traffic,":[45],"ground":[46],"station":[47],"placement,":[48],"constellation":[50],"geometry.":[51],"Given":[52],"sparse":[53],"population":[54],"distribution":[55],"on":[56,106,120],"Earth":[57],"the":[59,107,121,125,131,167,170,200],"isolation":[60],"rural":[62],"areas,":[63],"traffic":[64,80,112,224,245,256],"inherently":[67],"non-uniform,":[68],"providing":[69],"an":[70,229],"opportunity":[71],"to":[72,78,111,136,140,152,208,248],"orient":[73],"(ISLs)":[76],"according":[77,110],"these":[79],"patterns.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,145,183],"propose":[86],"Starfield,":[87,182,228,235],"novel":[89],"demand-aware":[90],"design":[93],"heuristic":[94,155,173],"algorithm":[95],"supported":[96],"by":[97,162],"mathematical":[98],"analysis.":[99],"We":[100],"first":[101],"formulate":[102],"vector":[104],"field":[105],"constellation's":[108],"shell":[109],"flows":[113,151],"define":[115],"corresponding":[117,177],"Riemannian":[118,172],"metric":[119],"spherical":[122],"manifold":[123],"shell.":[126],"The":[127],"metric,":[128],"combined":[129],"with":[130,169,175],"spatial":[132],"geometry,":[133],"is":[134],"used":[135],"assign":[137],"distance":[139],"each":[141,157,164],"potential":[142],"ISL,":[143],"which":[144],"then":[146],"aggregate":[147],"over":[148],"all":[149],"demand":[150,257],"generate":[153],"satellite's":[158],"link":[159,168,231],"selection.":[160],"Inspired":[161],"+Grid,":[163],"selects":[166],"minimum":[171],"along":[174],"its":[176],"angular":[178],"links.":[179],"To":[180],"evaluate":[181],"developed":[184],"custom,":[186],"link-aware,":[187],"link-configurable":[189],"packet-level":[190],"simulator,":[191],"comparing":[192],"it":[193],"against":[194],"Random":[197],"topologies.":[198],"For":[199],"Phase":[201],"1":[202],"Starlink,":[203],"simulation":[204],"results":[205],"show":[206],"up":[207],"30%":[210],"reduction":[211],"in":[212,219,240],"hop":[213],"count":[214],"15%":[217],"improvement":[218,239],"stretch":[220,241],"factor":[221,242],"across":[222],"multiple":[223],"distributions.":[225],"Moreover,":[226],"static":[227],"inter-orbital":[230],"matching":[232],"modification":[233],"achieves":[236],"20%":[238],"under":[243,255],"realistic":[244],"compared":[247],"+Grid.":[249],"Experiments":[250],"further":[251],"demonstrate":[252],"Starfield's":[253],"robustness":[254],"perturbations.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}
