{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124137459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.08739","title":"PrivGemo: Privacy-Preserving Dual-Tower Graph Retrieval for Empowering LLM Reasoning with Memory Augmentation","display_name":"PrivGemo: Privacy-Preserving Dual-Tower Graph Retrieval for Empowering LLM Reasoning with Memory Augmentation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124137459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.08739"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.08739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.08739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.08739","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034255571","display_name":"Xingyu Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7232-7051"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tan, Xingyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122994903","display_name":"Xiaoyang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xiaoyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123020872","display_name":"Qing Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Qing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123035396","display_name":"Xiwei Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Xiwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123023755","display_name":"Xin Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123048457","display_name":"Liming Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Liming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123052261","display_name":"Wenjie Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Wenjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034255571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.023600000888109207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasoning-system","display_name":"Reasoning system","score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground","display_name":"Ground","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.3345000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8023999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168993435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501125","display_name":"Ground","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197914299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18650","display_name":"Semantic memory","level":3,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20162079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151406","display_name":"Case-based reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777877512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116097","display_name":"Common ground","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.08739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.08739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.08739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.08739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4517170488834381,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"graphs":[1],"(KGs)":[2],"provide":[3],"structured":[4],"evidence":[5],"that":[6,110,132,167,194],"can":[7],"ground":[8],"large":[9],"language":[10],"model":[11],"(LLM)":[12],"reasoning":[13,86,105,126,190],"for":[14,69,84],"knowledge-intensive":[15],"question":[16],"answering.":[17],"However,":[18],"many":[19],"practical":[20],"KGs":[21],"are":[22],"private,":[23],"and":[24,62,65,71,119,140,149,158],"sending":[25],"retrieved":[26],"triples":[27],"or":[28],"exploration":[29,157],"traces":[30],"to":[31,96,115,179,188,193],"closed-source":[32],"LLM":[33],"APIs":[34],"introduces":[35],"leakage":[36,53],"risk.":[37],"Existing":[38],"privacy":[39],"treatments":[40],"focus":[41],"on":[42,142,163],"masking":[43,114],"entity":[44],"names,":[45],"but":[46],"they":[47],"still":[48],"face":[49],"four":[50],"limitations:":[51],"structural":[52,120],"under":[54],"semantic":[55,118],"masking,":[56],"uncontrollable":[57],"remote":[58,104,159],"interaction,":[59],"fragile":[60],"multi-hop":[61],"multi-entity":[63,125],"reasoning,":[64],"limited":[66],"experience":[67,152],"reuse":[68],"stability":[70],"efficiency.":[72],"To":[73],"address":[74],"these":[75],"issues,":[76],"we":[77],"propose":[78],"PrivGemo,":[79],"a":[80,93,150],"privacy-preserving":[81],"retrieval-augmented":[82],"framework":[83],"KG-grounded":[85],"with":[87],"memory-guided":[88],"exposure":[89],"control.":[90],"PrivGemo":[91,122,168,182],"uses":[92],"dual-tower":[94],"design":[95],"keep":[97],"raw":[98],"KG":[99],"knowledge":[100],"local":[101,144],"while":[102,137],"enabling":[103],"over":[106],"an":[107],"anonymized":[108,129],"view":[109],"goes":[111],"beyond":[112],"name":[113],"limit":[116],"both":[117],"exposure.":[121],"supports":[123],"multi-hop,":[124],"by":[127,177],"retrieving":[128],"long-hop":[130],"paths":[131],"connect":[133],"all":[134],"topic":[135],"entities,":[136],"keeping":[138],"grounding":[139],"verification":[141],"the":[143,174],"KG.":[145],"A":[146],"hierarchical":[147],"controller":[148],"privacy-aware":[151],"memory":[153],"further":[154],"reduce":[155],"unnecessary":[156],"interactions.":[160],"Comprehensive":[161],"experiments":[162],"six":[164],"benchmarks":[165],"show":[166],"achieves":[169],"overall":[170],"state-of-the-art":[171],"results,":[172],"outperforming":[173],"strongest":[175],"baseline":[176],"up":[178],"17.1%.":[180],"Furthermore,":[181],"enables":[183],"smaller":[184],"models":[185],"(e.g.,":[186],"Qwen3-4B)":[187],"achieve":[189],"performance":[191],"comparable":[192],"of":[195],"GPT-4-Turbo.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-15T23:21:31.212559","created_date":"2026-01-15T00:00:00"}
