{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123668331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.07440","title":"Variational Autoencoder with Normalizing flow for X-ray spectral fitting","display_name":"Variational Autoencoder with Normalizing flow for X-ray spectral fitting","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123668331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.07440"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.07440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.07440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.07440","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122939946","display_name":"Fiona Redmen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Redmen, Fiona","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092905567","display_name":"Ethan Tregidga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6580-7469"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tregidga, Ethan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122970044","display_name":"James F. Steiner","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steiner, James F.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020090078","display_name":"Cecilia Garraffo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-6286"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garraffo, Cecilia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.9412000179290771,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.9412000179290771,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.017100000753998756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.7192000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6316999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain-monte-carlo","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","score":0.5751000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-method","display_name":"Spectral method","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.3546000123023987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.7192000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6316999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6211000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111350023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191869","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","level":3,"score":0.5751000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.461899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4521999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23463724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308831","display_name":"Spectral method","level":2,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30049272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6555326","display_name":"Spectral density estimation","level":3,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152822103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575207","display_name":"Spectral shape analysis","level":3,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983668108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280453","display_name":"Spectral analysis","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.07440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.07440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.07440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.07440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Black":[0],"hole":[1],"X-ray":[2],"binaries":[3],"(BHBs)":[4],"can":[5],"be":[6],"studied":[7],"with":[8,48],"spectral":[9,24,82],"fitting":[10,25],"to":[11,36,53],"provide":[12],"physical":[13,56],"constraints":[14],"on":[15],"accretion":[16],"in":[17,77,81],"extreme":[18],"gravitational":[19],"environments.":[20],"Traditional":[21],"methods":[22],"of":[23,93],"such":[26],"as":[27,67,69],"Markov":[28],"Chain":[29],"Monte":[30],"Carlo":[31],"(MCMC)":[32],"face":[33],"limitations":[34],"due":[35],"computational":[37],"times.":[38],"We":[39],"introduce":[40],"a":[41,45,49,55,78,85],"probabilistic":[42],"model,":[43],"utilizing":[44],"variational":[46],"autoencoder":[47],"normalizing":[50],"flow,":[51],"trained":[52],"adopt":[54],"latent":[57],"space.":[58],"This":[59],"neural":[60],"network":[61],"produces":[62],"predictions":[63],"for":[64],"spectral-model":[65],"parameters":[66],"well":[68],"their":[70],"full":[71],"probability":[72],"distributions.":[73],"Our":[74],"implementations":[75],"result":[76],"significant":[79],"improvement":[80],"reconstructions":[83],"over":[84],"previous":[86],"deterministic":[87],"model":[88],"while":[89],"performing":[90],"three":[91],"orders":[92],"magnitude":[94],"faster":[95],"than":[96],"traditional":[97],"methods.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}