{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7119127034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01937","title":"Vector Search for the Future: From Memory-Resident, Static Heterogeneous Storage, to Cloud-Native Architectures","display_name":"Vector Search for the Future: From Memory-Resident, Static Heterogeneous Storage, to Cloud-Native Architectures","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7119127034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01937"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.01937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01937","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102975654","display_name":"Yitong Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-0145"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Song, Yitong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122222114","display_name":"Xuanhe Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Xuanhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029380368","display_name":"Christian S. Jensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-7670"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jensen, Christian S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093784833","display_name":"Jianliang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Jianliang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102975654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.4778999984264374,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.4778999984264374,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.09709999710321426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.07859999686479568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7074000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.5623000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-access","display_name":"Data access","score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverted-index","display_name":"Inverted index","score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.3352999985218048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7491000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7074000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.5623000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130590232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671754","display_name":"Inverted index","level":3,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121854251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62932","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82687282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Auxiliary memory","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551230270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4368942","display_name":"Data retrieval","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27602214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868547","display_name":"Locality of reference","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92087593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427389","display_name":"Vector (molecular biology)","level":4,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.01937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.01937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vector":[0],"search":[1,98],"(VS)":[2],"has":[3,42,75],"become":[4],"a":[5,117,143,162],"fundamental":[6],"component":[7],"in":[8,31,48],"multimodal":[9],"data":[10,24,127],"management,":[11],"enabling":[12],"core":[13],"functionalities":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"image,":[17],"video,":[18],"and":[19,36,68,83,92,112,129,156,178,187],"code":[20],"retrieval.":[21],"As":[22],"vector":[23,110,195],"scales":[25],"rapidly,":[26],"VS":[27,41,52,140,168],"faces":[28],"growing":[29],"challenges":[30],"balancing":[32],"search,":[33],"latency,":[34,60],"scalability,":[35],"cost.":[37,69],"The":[38],"evolution":[39,138],"of":[40,139,165],"been":[43],"closely":[44],"driven":[45],"by":[46,65],"changes":[47],"storage":[49,122,167],"architecture.":[50],"Early":[51],"methods":[53],"rely":[54],"on":[55],"all-in-memory":[56],"designs":[57],"for":[58,108,192],"low":[59],"but":[61],"scalability":[62],"is":[63,115],"constrained":[64],"memory":[66],"capacity":[67],"To":[70],"address":[71],"this,":[72],"recent":[73],"research":[74,190],"adopted":[76],"heterogeneous":[77,166],"architectures":[78],"that":[79],"offload":[80],"space-intensive":[81],"vectors":[82],"index":[84,172],"structures":[85],"to":[86,95],"SSDs,":[87],"while":[88],"exploiting":[89],"block":[90],"locality":[91],"I/O-efficient":[93],"strategies":[94],"maintain":[96],"high":[97],"performance":[99],"at":[100],"billion":[101],"scale.":[102],"Looking":[103],"ahead,":[104],"the":[105,137],"increasing":[106],"demand":[107],"trillion-scale":[109],"retrieval":[111,196],"cloud-native":[113,185],"elasticity":[114],"driving":[116],"further":[118],"shift":[119],"toward":[120],"memory-SSD-object":[121],"architectures,":[123],"which":[124],"enable":[125],"cost-efficient":[126],"tiering":[128],"seamless":[130],"scalability.":[131],"In":[132],"this":[133],"tutorial,":[134],"we":[135,182],"review":[136,148],"techniques":[141],"from":[142],"storage-architecture":[144],"perspective.":[145],"We":[146,159],"first":[147],"memory-resident":[149],"methods,":[150],"covering":[151],"classical":[152],"IVF,":[153],"hash,":[154],"quantization,":[155],"graph-based":[157],"designs.":[158],"then":[160],"present":[161],"systematic":[163],"overview":[164],"techniques,":[169],"including":[170],"their":[171],"designs,":[173],"block-level":[174],"layouts,":[175],"query":[176],"strategies,":[177],"update":[179],"mechanisms.":[180],"Finally,":[181],"examine":[183],"emerging":[184],"systems":[186],"highlight":[188],"open":[189],"opportunities":[191],"future":[193],"large-scale":[194],"systems.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-08T20:10:11.968330","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
