{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118475784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01011","title":"Intention Collapse: Intention-Level Metrics for Reasoning in Language Models","display_name":"Intention Collapse: Intention-Level Metrics for Reasoning in Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118475784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01011"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.01011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01011","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114084618","display_name":"Patricio Vera","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vera, Patricio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114084618"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.10540000349283218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.10540000349283218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.10189999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.05130000039935112,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5776000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5651999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kullback\u2013leibler-divergence","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.37389999628067017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6068000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5776000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5651999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5472999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28427503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13580300","display_name":"Internal model","level":3,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.01011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.01011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.01011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Language":[0],"generation":[1],"maps":[2],"a":[3,9,46,75,93,165,197],"rich,":[4],"high-dimensional":[5],"internal":[6,28,155,189],"state":[7,48],"to":[8,32,106,129],"single":[10],"token":[11],"sequence.":[12],"We":[13,38,70],"study":[14,77],"this":[15],"many-to-one":[16],"mapping":[17],"through":[18],"the":[19,24],"lens":[20],"of":[21,167],"intention":[22,29,51],"collapse:":[23],"projection":[25],"from":[26,104,172],"an":[27,33],"space":[30,36],"I":[31],"external":[34],"language":[35],"L.":[37],"introduce":[39],"three":[40],"cheap,":[41],"model-agnostic":[42],"metrics":[43,73],"computed":[44],"on":[45,114,119,182],"pre-collapse":[47],"I:":[49],"(i)":[50],"entropy":[52,126],"Hint(I),":[53],"(ii)":[54],"effective":[55],"dimensionality":[56],"deff(I),":[57],"and":[58,83,92,169],"(iii)":[59],"recoverability":[60],"Recov(I),":[61],"operationalized":[62],"as":[63],"probe":[64,158],"AUROC":[65,159,177],"for":[66,184],"predicting":[67],"eventual":[68],"success.":[69],"evaluate":[71],"these":[72],"in":[74,153,164],"3x3":[76],"across":[78],"models":[79],"(Mistral-7B,":[80],"LLaMA-3.1-8B,":[81],"Qwen-2.5-7B)":[82],"benchmarks":[84],"(GSM8K,":[85],"ARC-Challenge,":[86],"AQUA-RAT),":[87],"comparing":[88],"baseline,":[89,130],"chain-of-thought":[90],"(CoT),":[91],"babble":[94],"control":[95],"(n=200":[96],"items":[97],"per":[98],"cell).":[99],"CoT":[100,123,180],"increases":[101],"average":[102],"accuracy":[103,174,181],"34.2%":[105],"47.3%":[107],"(+13.1":[108],"pp),":[109],"driven":[110],"by":[111],"large":[112],"gains":[113],"GSM8K":[115],"but":[116],"consistent":[117],"degradations":[118],"ARC-Challenge.":[120],"Across":[121],"models,":[122],"induces":[124],"distinct":[125],"regimes":[127],"relative":[128],"dH":[131,138,146],"=":[132],"Hint(CoT)":[133],"-":[134],"Hint(Base):":[135],"Mistral":[136],"shows":[137,145],"&lt;":[139],"0":[140,148],"(lower-entropy":[141],"CoT),":[142,150],"whereas":[143],"LLaMA":[144],"&gt;":[147],"(higher-entropy":[149],"highlighting":[151],"heterogeneity":[152],"CoT-induced":[154],"uncertainty.":[156],"Finally,":[157],"is":[160,191],"significantly":[161],"above":[162],"chance":[163],"subset":[166],"settings":[168],"can":[170],"dissociate":[171],"behavioral":[173],"(e.g.,":[175],"high":[176],"alongside":[178],"lower":[179],"ARC-Challenge":[183],"Qwen),":[185],"suggesting":[186],"that":[187],"informative":[188],"signal":[190],"not":[192],"always":[193],"reliably":[194],"converted":[195],"into":[196],"final":[198],"discrete":[199],"decision":[200],"under":[201],"constrained":[202],"response":[203],"formats.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-27T23:27:28.826085","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
