{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118946418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.00223","title":"JP-TL-Bench: Anchored Pairwise LLM Evaluation for Bidirectional Japanese-English Translation","display_name":"JP-TL-Bench: Anchored Pairwise LLM Evaluation for Bidirectional Japanese-English Translation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118946418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.00223"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.00223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.00223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.00223","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122187206","display_name":"Leonard Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109008614","display_name":"Osaka Shin-ai College","ror":"https://ror.org/0402q0384","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109008614"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Leonard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shisa.AI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shisa.AI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109008614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122112867","display_name":"Adam Lensenmayer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109008614","display_name":"Osaka Shin-ai College","ror":"https://ror.org/0402q0384","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109008614"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lensenmayer, Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shisa.AI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shisa.AI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109008614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122187206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109008614"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.8421000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.8421000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.8804000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5918999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.3449000120162964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.8804000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5996000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5918999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.00223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.00223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.00223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.00223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"introduce":[1],"JP-TL-Bench,":[2],"a":[3,58,71,80,90,99,106],"lightweight,":[4],"open":[5],"benchmark":[6],"designed":[7],"to":[8,61],"guide":[9],"the":[10,20,118,128],"iterative":[11],"development":[12],"of":[13,25,109],"Japanese-English":[14],"translation":[15,36],"systems.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18,35],"context,":[19],"challenge":[21],"is":[22,30,115],"often":[23],"\"which":[24],"these":[26],"two":[27],"good":[28],"translations":[29],"better?\"":[31],"rather":[32],"than":[33],"\"is":[34],"acceptable?\"":[37],"This":[38],"distinction":[39],"matters":[40],"for":[41],"Japanese-English,":[42],"where":[43],"subtle":[44],"choices":[45],"in":[46],"politeness,":[47],"implicature,":[48],"ellipsis,":[49],"and":[50,67,93,133],"register":[51],"strongly":[52],"affect":[53],"perceived":[54],"naturalness.":[55],"JP-TL-Bench":[56],"uses":[57],"protocol":[59],"built":[60],"make":[62],"LLM":[63,77],"judging":[64],"both":[65],"reliable":[66],"affordable:":[68],"it":[69],"evaluates":[70],"candidate":[72,114],"model":[73,92],"via":[74],"reference-free,":[75],"pairwise":[76],"comparisons":[78],"against":[79,117],"fixed,":[81],"versioned":[82],"anchor":[83,121],"set.":[84],"Pairwise":[85],"results":[86],"are":[87,124],"aggregated":[88],"with":[89],"Bradley-Terry":[91],"reported":[94],"as":[95],"win":[96],"rates":[97],"plus":[98],"normalized":[100],"0-10":[101],"\"LT\"":[102],"score":[103],"derived":[104],"from":[105],"logistic":[107],"transform":[108],"fitted":[110],"log-strengths.":[111],"Because":[112],"each":[113],"scored":[116],"same":[119,129],"frozen":[120],"set,":[122,131],"scores":[123],"structurally":[125],"stable":[126],"given":[127],"base":[130],"judge,":[132],"aggregation":[134],"code.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-08T20:10:11.968330","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
