{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117136582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.18080","title":"From Prompt to Product: A Human-Centered Benchmark of Agentic App Generation Systems","display_name":"From Prompt to Product: A Human-Centered Benchmark of Agentic App Generation Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117136582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.18080"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.18080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121223152","display_name":"Marcos Ortiz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ortiz, Marcos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022657595","display_name":"Justin M. Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-5186"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hill, Justin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121163677","display_name":"Collin Overbay","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Overbay, Collin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002318355","display_name":"I. Semenec","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Semenec, Ingrida","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121133741","display_name":"Frederic Sauve-Hoover","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sauve-Hoover, Frederic","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121150360","display_name":"Jim Schwoebel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schwoebel, Jim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121160627","display_name":"Joel Shor","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shor, Joel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121223152"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.22050000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.22050000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.11509999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.09839999675750732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6791999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6657000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5924000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5250999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsoft-visual-studio","display_name":"Microsoft Visual Studio","score":0.3944000005722046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.732699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6791999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6657000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5924000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5250999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512115632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134067","display_name":"Microsoft Visual Studio","level":3,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778535757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328864","display_name":"Screen reader","level":3,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91262260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528074","display_name":"End user","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.18080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.18080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.18080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.18080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agentic":[0],"AI":[1],"systems":[2,25,66,104,135,200],"capable":[3],"of":[4,73,87,121,156,205],"generating":[5],"full-stack":[6],"web":[7,92],"applications":[8],"from":[9],"natural":[10],"language":[11],"prompts":[12,89],"(\"prompt-":[13],"to-app\")":[14],"represent":[15],"a":[16,40,60,69,84,106,189],"significant":[17],"shift":[18],"in":[19,198,226],"software":[20],"development.":[21],"However,":[22],"evaluating":[23,64],"these":[24,103,134],"remains":[26],"challenging,":[27],"as":[28],"visual":[29,123,159,162,168,193],"polish,":[30],"functional":[31,196],"correctness,":[32],"and":[33,67,80,113,127,161,175,195,201,216,223],"user":[34,128],"trust":[35],"are":[36,136],"often":[37],"misaligned.":[38],"As":[39],"result,":[41],"it":[42],"is":[43],"unclear":[44],"how":[45],"existing":[46],"prompt-to-app":[47,65,199],"tools":[48],"compare":[49],"under":[50],"realistic,":[51],"human-centered":[52,61],"evaluation":[53,222],"criteria.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"we":[58,95],"introduce":[59],"benchmark":[62,212],"for":[63,154],"conduct":[68],"large-scale":[70,107],"comparative":[71],"study":[72,109],"three":[74],"widely":[75],"used":[76],"platforms:":[77],"Replit,":[78],"Bolt,":[79],"Firebase":[81,139,172],"Studio.":[82],"Using":[83],"diverse":[85],"set":[86],"96":[88],"spanning":[90],"common":[91],"application":[93,99,228],"tasks,":[94],"generate":[96],"288":[97],"unique":[98],"artifacts.":[100],"We":[101,209],"evaluate":[102],"through":[105],"human-rater":[108],"involving":[110],"205":[111],"participants":[112],"1,071":[114],"quality-filtered":[115],"pairwise":[116],"comparisons,":[117],"assessing":[118],"task-based":[119,207],"ease":[120,155],"use,":[122,157],"appeal,":[124,160],"perceived":[125],"completeness,":[126],"trust.":[129],"Our":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"that":[133],"not":[137],"interchangeable:":[138],"Studio":[140],"consistently":[141],"outperforms":[142],"competing":[143],"platforms":[144],"across":[145,183],"all":[146],"human-evaluated":[147],"dimensions,":[148],"achieving":[149],"the":[150,203],"highest":[151],"win":[152],"rates":[153],"trust,":[158,176],"appropriateness.":[163],"Bolt":[164],"performs":[165],"competitively":[166],"on":[167,173],"appeal":[169],"but":[170],"trails":[171],"usability":[174],"while":[177],"Replit":[178],"underperforms":[179],"relative":[180],"to":[181,219],"both":[182],"most":[184],"metrics.":[185],"These":[186],"findings":[187],"highlight":[188],"persistent":[190],"gap":[191],"between":[192],"polish":[194],"reliability":[197],"demonstrate":[202],"necessity":[204],"interactive,":[206],"evaluation.":[208],"release":[210],"our":[211],"framework,":[213],"prompt":[214],"set,":[215],"generated":[217],"artifacts":[218],"support":[220],"reproducible":[221],"future":[224],"research":[225],"agentic":[227],"generation.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}
