{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117127131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.17923","title":"Inferring Latent Market Forces: Evaluating LLM Detection of Gamma Exposure Patterns via Obfuscation Testing","display_name":"Inferring Latent Market Forces: Evaluating LLM Detection of Gamma Exposure Patterns via Obfuscation Testing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117127131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.17923"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.17923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.17923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.17923","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121208559","display_name":"Christopher Regan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Regan, Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121230707","display_name":"Ying Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121208559"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.44369998574256897,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.44369998574256897,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.24740000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.03869999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5436999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-market","display_name":"Stock market","score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-market","display_name":"Financial market","score":0.4756999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.33390000462532043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5436999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780299701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475000","display_name":"Stock market","level":3,"score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19244329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208697","display_name":"Financial market","level":2,"score":0.4756999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779721758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q400707","display_name":"Market manipulation","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155739000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877707","display_name":"Market structure","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.17923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.17923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.17923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.17923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"introduce":[1],"obfuscation":[2],"testing,":[3],"a":[4],"novel":[5],"methodology":[6],"for":[7,142,153],"validating":[8],"whether":[9],"large":[10],"language":[11],"models":[12,75,109],"detect":[13],"structural":[14,87,111,149],"market":[15,93,168],"patterns":[16,29],"through":[17,147],"causal":[18,72],"reasoning":[19],"rather":[20,113],"than":[21,114],"temporal":[22,68],"association.":[23],"Testing":[24],"three":[25],"dealer":[26],"hedging":[27],"constraint":[28],"(gamma":[30],"positioning,":[31],"stock":[32],"pinning,":[33],"0DTE":[34],"hedging)":[35,90],"on":[36],"242":[37],"trading":[38],"days":[39],"(95.6%":[40],"coverage)":[41],"of":[42,162],"S&P":[43],"500":[44],"options":[45],"data,":[46],"we":[47],"find":[48],"LLMs":[49,138],"achieve":[50],"71.5%":[51,128],"detection":[52,96,122],"rate":[53,130],"using":[54],"unbiased":[55,129],"prompts":[56],"that":[57,108],"provide":[58],"only":[59],"raw":[60],"gamma":[61],"exposure":[62],"values":[63],"without":[64],"regime":[65,120],"labels":[66],"or":[67],"context.":[69],"The":[70],"WHO-WHOM-WHAT":[71],"framework":[73],"forces":[74],"to":[76,124],"identify":[77,110],"the":[78,127],"economic":[79,103],"actors":[80],"(dealers),":[81],"affected":[82],"parties":[83],"(directional":[84],"traders),":[85],"and":[86,159],"mechanisms":[88,146],"(forced":[89],"underlying":[91],"observed":[92],"dynamics.":[94,169],"Critically,":[95],"accuracy":[97],"(91.2%)":[98],"remains":[99],"stable":[100],"even":[101],"as":[102],"profitability":[104],"varies":[105],"quarterly,":[106],"demonstrating":[107],"constraints":[112],"profitable":[115],"patterns.":[116],"When":[117],"prompted":[118],"with":[119,151],"labels,":[121],"increases":[123],"100%,":[125],"but":[126],"validates":[131],"genuine":[132],"pattern":[133],"recognition.":[134],"Our":[135],"findings":[136],"suggest":[137],"possess":[139],"emergent":[140],"capabilities":[141],"detecting":[143],"complex":[144],"financial":[145,167],"pure":[148],"reasoning,":[150],"implications":[152],"systematic":[154],"strategy":[155],"development,":[156],"risk":[157],"management,":[158],"our":[160],"understanding":[161],"how":[163],"transformer":[164],"architectures":[165],"process":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:14:05.333182","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}