{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417452330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.12818","title":"Hindsight is 20/20: Building Agent Memory that Retains, Recalls, and Reflects","display_name":"Hindsight is 20/20: Building Agent Memory that Retains, Recalls, and Reflects","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417452330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.12818"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.12818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12818","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.12818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.12818","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105933763","display_name":"C R Latimer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Latimer, Chris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120841708","display_name":"Nicol\u00f3 Boschi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boschi, Nicol\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116308752","display_name":"Andrew Neeser","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeser, Andrew","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120841709","display_name":"Chris Bartholomew","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bartholomew, Chris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101960107","display_name":"Gaurav Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3139-4439"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srivastava, Gaurav","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101245099","display_name":"Xuan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035052603","display_name":"Naren Ramakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1821-9743"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishnan, Naren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105933763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.16290000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.16290000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.12080000340938568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.08129999786615372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindsight-bias","display_name":"Hindsight bias","score":0.7702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-memory","display_name":"Adaptive memory","score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegate","display_name":"Delegate","score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-memory","display_name":"Semantic memory","score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.3206000030040741}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10347200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1960297","display_name":"Hindsight bias","level":2,"score":0.7702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30390489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680748","display_name":"Adaptive memory","level":3,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143273055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382794","display_name":"Delegate","level":2,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197914299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18650","display_name":"Semantic memory","level":3,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103613024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230924","display_name":"Stateless protocol","level":3,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88576662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18646","display_name":"Episodic memory","level":3,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74426580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719484","display_name":"Memory map","level":3,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98717390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3043208","display_name":"Ostensive definition","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.12818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12818","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.12818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.12818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.12818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.12818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12818","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.12818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agent":[0],"memory":[1,33,36,105,110,165,175,200,259],"has":[2],"been":[3],"touted":[4],"as":[5,37,111],"a":[6,104,112,161,172,178,193,220],"dimension":[7],"of":[8,31,61],"growth":[9],"for":[10,94,116,250],"LLM-based":[11],"applications,":[12],"enabling":[13],"agents":[14,95],"that":[15,41,96,107,125,149],"can":[16],"accumulate":[17],"experience,":[18],"adapt":[19],"across":[20],"sessions,":[21],"and":[22,54,71,81,90,134,146,156,188,204,227,242,263],"move":[23],"beyond":[24],"single-shot":[25],"question":[26],"answering.":[27],"The":[28],"current":[29],"generation":[30],"agent":[32,109,129],"systems":[34,68],"treats":[35,108],"an":[38,62,208],"external":[39],"layer":[40,166,180],"extracts":[42],"salient":[43],"snippets":[44],"from":[45,215],"conversations,":[46],"stores":[47],"them":[48],"in":[49,192],"vector":[50],"or":[51],"graph-based":[52],"stores,":[53],"retrieves":[55],"top-k":[56],"items":[57],"into":[58,121,171],"the":[59,77,224,233,251],"prompt":[60],"otherwise":[63],"stateless":[64],"model.":[65],"While":[66],"these":[67],"improve":[69],"personalization":[70],"context":[72,230],"carry-over,":[73],"they":[74],"still":[75],"blur":[76],"line":[78],"between":[79],"evidence":[80],"inference,":[82],"struggle":[83],"to":[84,185,189,217,238,244],"organize":[85],"information":[86,152,191],"over":[87,182,219],"long":[88],"horizons,":[89],"offer":[91],"limited":[92],"support":[93],"must":[97],"explain":[98],"their":[99],"reasoning.":[100],"We":[101],"present":[102],"Hindsight,":[103],"architecture":[106],"structured,":[113,173],"first-class":[114],"substrate":[115],"reasoning":[117],"by":[118],"organizing":[119],"it":[120],"four":[122],"logical":[123],"networks":[124],"distinguish":[126],"world":[127],"facts,":[128],"experiences,":[130],"synthesized":[131],"entity":[132,163],"summaries,":[133],"evolving":[135],"beliefs.":[136],"This":[137],"framework":[138],"supports":[139],"three":[140],"core":[141],"operations":[142],"--":[143,148],"retain,":[144],"recall,":[145],"reflect":[147],"govern":[150],"how":[151],"is":[153],"added,":[154],"accessed,":[155],"updated.":[157],"Under":[158],"this":[159,183],"abstraction,":[160],"temporal,":[162],"aware":[164],"incrementally":[167],"turns":[168],"conversational":[169,199],"streams":[170],"queryable":[174],"bank,":[176],"while":[177],"reflection":[179],"reasons":[181],"bank":[184],"produce":[186],"answers":[187],"update":[190],"traceable":[194],"way.":[195],"On":[196],"key":[197],"long-horizon":[198],"benchmarks":[201],"like":[202],"LongMemEval":[203,241],"LoCoMo,":[205],"Hindsight":[206,237],"with":[207,223],"open-source":[209],"20B":[210],"model":[211],"lifts":[212],"overall":[213],"accuracy":[214],"39%":[216],"83.6%":[218],"full-context":[221],"baseline":[222],"same":[225],"backbone":[226,234],"outperforms":[228],"full":[229],"GPT-4o.":[231],"Scaling":[232],"further":[235],"pushes":[236],"91.4%":[239],"on":[240,246,261],"up":[243],"89.61%":[245],"LoCoMo":[247],"(vs.":[248],"75.78%":[249],"strongest":[252],"prior":[253],"open":[254],"system),":[255],"consistently":[256],"outperforming":[257],"existing":[258],"architectures":[260],"multi-session":[262],"open-domain":[264],"questions.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"}