{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417449977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.12654","title":"Modeling Authorial Style in Urdu Novels Using Character Interaction Graphs and Graph Neural Networks","display_name":"Modeling Authorial Style in Urdu Novels Using Character Interaction Graphs and Graph Neural Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417449977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.12654"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.12654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12654","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.12654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.12654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013184477","display_name":"Hassan Mujtaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-2503"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mujtaba, Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093707717","display_name":"Hamza Naveed","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed, Hamza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120840759","display_name":"Hanzlah Munir","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munir, Hanzlah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.6484000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu","display_name":"Urdu","score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5421000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.33730000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.6484000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5716999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777350258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617","display_name":"Urdu","level":2,"score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5421000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78015137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847829","display_name":"Narrative structure","level":3,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.12654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12654","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.12654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.12654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.12654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.12654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12654","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.12654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Authorship":[0],"analysis":[1],"has":[2],"traditionally":[3],"focused":[4],"on":[5,93],"lexical":[6],"and":[7,63,87,112],"stylistic":[8],"cues":[9],"within":[10,68],"text,":[11],"while":[12],"higher-level":[13],"narrative":[14,48,69],"structure":[15,49],"remains":[16],"underexplored,":[17],"particularly":[18],"for":[19],"low-resource":[20],"languages":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,35,55],"Urdu.":[24],"This":[25],"work":[26],"proposes":[27],"a":[28,56,94,121],"graph-based":[29],"framework":[30],"that":[31,105],"models":[32],"Urdu":[33,98],"novels":[34,99],"character":[36],"interaction":[37],"networks":[38],"to":[39,61,117],"examine":[40],"whether":[41],"authorial":[42],"style":[43],"can":[44],"be":[45],"inferred":[46],"from":[47],"alone.":[50],"Each":[51],"novel":[52],"is":[53],"represented":[54],"graph":[57,75,85,89,107],"where":[58],"nodes":[59],"correspond":[60],"characters":[62],"edges":[64],"denote":[65],"their":[66],"co-occurrence":[67],"proximity.":[70],"We":[71],"systematically":[72],"compare":[73],"multiple":[74],"representations,":[76],"including":[77],"global":[78],"structural":[79],"features,":[80],"node-level":[81],"semantic":[82],"summaries,":[83],"unsupervised":[84,113],"embeddings,":[86],"supervised":[88],"neural":[90],"networks.":[91],"Experiments":[92],"dataset":[95],"of":[96],"52":[97],"written":[100],"by":[101],"seven":[102],"authors":[103],"show":[104],"learned":[106],"representations":[108],"substantially":[109],"outperform":[110],"hand-crafted":[111],"baselines,":[114],"achieving":[115],"up":[116],"0.857":[118],"accuracy":[119],"under":[120],"strict":[122],"author-aware":[123],"evaluation":[124],"protocol.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"}