{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417289975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.09190","title":"Understanding Mental States in Active and Autonomous Driving with EEG","display_name":"Understanding Mental States in Active and Autonomous Driving with EEG","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417289975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.09190"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.09190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09190","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.09190","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.09190","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038075191","display_name":"Prithila Angkan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9737-7010"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angkan, Prithila","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036421736","display_name":"Paul Hungler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1999-3101"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hungler, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039812985","display_name":"Ali Etemad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-0220"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Etemad, Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038075191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.7279000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.7279000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.16509999334812164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.03929999843239784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6338000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arousal","display_name":"Arousal","score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.6044999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-activity","display_name":"Neural activity","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-activity","display_name":"Mental activity","score":0.36559998989105225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6338000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6044999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.551800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5257999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984127161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q969316","display_name":"Neural activity","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993101085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3623000","display_name":"Mental activity","level":3,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2651999890804291}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.09190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09190","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.09190","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.09190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.09190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.09190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09190","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.09190","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"how":[1],"driver":[2,192],"mental":[3,79],"states":[4,80],"differ":[5,86],"between":[6,93,130],"active":[7,94,105],"and":[8,30,59,81,95,113,127,140,165,175,187],"autonomous":[9,96,111,146,196],"driving":[10,35,106,112,133,147],"is":[11],"critical":[12],"for":[13,184,195],"designing":[14],"safe":[15],"human-vehicle":[16],"interfaces.":[17],"This":[18],"paper":[19],"presents":[20],"the":[21,33,76,82,131,182],"first":[22],"EEG-based":[23],"comparison":[24],"of":[25,48,78],"cognitive":[26,161],"load,":[27,162],"fatigue,":[28,163],"valence,":[29,164],"arousal":[31,166],"across":[32,73],"two":[34,132],"modes.":[36],"Using":[37],"data":[38,107,186],"from":[39],"31":[40],"participants":[41,154],"performing":[42],"identical":[43],"tasks":[44],"in":[45,124,149,160],"both":[46,68],"scenarios":[47],"three":[49],"different":[50],"complexity":[51,74],"levels,":[52,75],"we":[53],"analyze":[54],"temporal":[55,141],"patterns,":[56],"task-complexity":[57],"effects,":[58],"channel-wise":[60],"activation":[61,85,143],"differences.":[62],"Our":[63],"findings":[64],"show":[65],"that":[66,101],"although":[67],"modes":[69],"evoke":[70],"similar":[71],"trends":[72],"intensity":[77],"underlying":[83],"neural":[84],"substantially,":[87],"indicating":[88],"a":[89],"clear":[90],"distribution":[91,119],"shift":[92,120],"driving.":[97],"Transfer-learning":[98],"experiments":[99],"confirm":[100],"models":[102,188],"trained":[103],"on":[104],"generalize":[108],"poorly":[109],"to":[110,122,137,156,170],"vice":[114],"versa.":[115],"We":[116],"attribute":[117],"this":[118],"primarily":[121],"differences":[123],"motor":[125],"engagement":[126],"attentional":[128],"demands":[129],"modes,":[134],"which":[135],"lead":[136],"distinct":[138],"spatial":[139],"EEG":[142],"patterns.":[144],"Although":[145],"results":[148,180],"lower":[150],"overall":[151],"cortical":[152],"activation,":[153],"continue":[155],"exhibit":[157],"measurable":[158],"fluctuations":[159],"associated":[167],"with":[168],"readiness":[169],"intervene,":[171],"task-evoked":[172],"emotional":[173],"responses,":[174],"monotony-related":[176],"passive":[177],"fatigue.":[178],"These":[179],"emphasize":[181],"need":[183],"scenario-specific":[185],"when":[189],"developing":[190],"next-generation":[191],"monitoring":[193],"systems":[194],"vehicles.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-12-12T00:00:00"}