{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416780401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.21590","title":"An AI-Enabled Hybrid Cyber-Physical Framework for Adaptive Control in Smart Grids","display_name":"An AI-Enabled Hybrid Cyber-Physical Framework for Adaptive Control in Smart Grids","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416780401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.21590"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.21590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21590","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.21590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.21590","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101410131","display_name":"Muhammad Siddique","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siddique, Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102367603","display_name":"Sohaib Zafar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zafar, Sohaib","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101410131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.32350000739097595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.32350000739097595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.15880000591278076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.08730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6794999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3828999996185303}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6794999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.21590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21590","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.21590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.21590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.21590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.21590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21590","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.21590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416780401.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evolving":[0],"smart":[1,35],"grids":[2],"require":[3],"flexible":[4],"and":[5,18,21,33,60,69,80,96,125],"adaptive":[6],"control":[7,101],"methods.":[8],"A":[9],"harmonized":[10],"hybrid":[11],"cyber-physical":[12],"framework,":[13],"which":[14],"considers":[15],"both":[16],"physical":[17],"cyber":[19],"layers":[20],"ensures":[22],"adaptability,":[23],"is":[24,73,105],"one":[25],"of":[26,54],"the":[27,52,55,87],"critical":[28],"challenges":[29],"to":[30,85,127],"enable":[31],"sustainable":[32],"scalable":[34],"grids.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"proposes":[39],"a":[40,91,99,108],"three-layer":[41],"(physical,":[42],"cyber,":[43],"control)":[44],"architecture,":[45],"with":[46],"an":[47],"energy":[48],"management":[49],"system":[50],"as":[51],"core":[53],"system.":[56],"Adaptive":[57],"Dynamic":[58],"Programming(ADP)":[59],"Artificial":[61],"Intelligence-based":[62],"optimization":[63],"techniques":[64],"are":[65],"used":[66],"for":[67],"sustainability":[68],"scalability.":[70],"The":[71,103,116],"deployment":[72],"considered":[74],"under":[75,90,98],"two":[76],"contingencies:":[77],"Cloud":[78],"Independent":[79],"cloud-assisted.":[81],"They":[82],"allow":[83],"us":[84],"test":[86],"proposed":[88,117],"model":[89],"low-latency":[92],"localized":[93],"decision":[94],"scenario":[95],"also":[97],"centralized":[100],"scenario.":[102],"architecture":[104],"simulated":[106],"on":[107],"standard":[109],"IEEE":[110],"33-Bus":[111],"system,":[112],"yielding":[113],"positive":[114],"results.":[115],"framework":[118],"can":[119],"ensure":[120],"grid":[121,129],"stability,":[122],"optimize":[123],"dispatch,":[124],"respond":[126],"ever-changing":[128],"dynamics.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}