{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7106104268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.14457","title":"Benchmarking OpenWiFiSync on ESP32: Towards Cost-Effective Wireless Time Synchronization","display_name":"Benchmarking OpenWiFiSync on ESP32: Towards Cost-Effective Wireless Time Synchronization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7106104268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.14457"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.14457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.14457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.14457","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gundall, Michael","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gundall, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Herbst, Jan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herbst, Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M\u00fcller, Robin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00fcller, Robin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Schotten, Hans D.","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schotten, Hans D.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireline","display_name":"Wireline","score":0.7649000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6234999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5558000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp","display_name":"Timestamp","score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-synchronization","display_name":"Data synchronization","score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.38850000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7666000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776951270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026910","display_name":"Wireline","level":3,"score":0.7649000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6234999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5558000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108734733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172333","display_name":"Data synchronization","level":3,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52531181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186224","display_name":"Wireless Application Protocol","level":4,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117313154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878344","display_name":"Time division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776633867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186612","display_name":"Timer","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.14457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.14457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.14457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.14457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.587527334690094,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"time":[1],"synchronization":[2,37,129],"of":[3,24,57,69,149],"mobile":[4],"devices":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,85,92,146],"key":[8],"enabler":[9],"for":[10,27,145],"numerous":[11],"Industry":[12],"4.0":[13],"applications,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,107],"coordinated":[17],"and":[18,72,76,80,91,101,138],"synchronized":[19],"tasks":[20],"or":[21,30],"the":[22,42,58,66,111,120],"generation":[23],"high-precision":[25],"timestamps":[26],"machine":[28],"learning":[29],"artificial":[31],"intelligence":[32],"algorithms.":[33],"Traditional":[34],"wireline":[35],"clock":[36],"protocols,":[38],"however,":[39],"cannot":[40],"achieve":[41],"performance":[43],"in":[44],"wireless":[45,70],"environments":[46],"without":[47],"significant":[48],"modifications.":[49],"To":[50,97],"address":[51],"this":[52,82,142],"challenge,":[53],"we":[54,103],"make":[55],"use":[56,150],"Reference":[59],"Broadcast":[60],"Infrastructure":[61],"Synchronization":[62],"protocol,":[63],"which":[64],"leverages":[65],"broadcast":[67],"nature":[68],"communications":[71],"remains":[73],"both":[74],"non-invasive":[75],"standard-compliant.":[77],"We":[78],"implement":[79],"validate":[81],"protocol":[83],"on":[84,123],"low-cost":[86],"testbed":[87],"using":[88,136],"ESP32":[89],"modules":[90],"commercial":[93],"Wi-Fi":[94],"access":[95],"point.":[96],"support":[98],"further":[99],"research":[100],"development,":[102],"release":[104],"our":[105],"implementation":[106],"open-source":[108],"software":[109],"under":[110],"GNU":[112],"General":[113],"Public":[114],"License":[115],"Version":[116],"3":[117],"license":[118],"via":[119],"OpenWifiSync":[121],"project":[122],"GitHub.":[124],"Our":[125],"results":[126],"demonstrate":[127],"that":[128],"accuracies":[130],"within":[131],"+/-30":[132],"microseconds":[133],"are":[134],"achievable":[135],"energy-efficient":[137],"affordable":[139],"hardware,":[140],"making":[141],"approach":[143],"suitable":[144],"wide":[147],"range":[148],"cases.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-20T23:17:41.989164","created_date":"2025-11-20T00:00:00"}