{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416351377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.11829","title":"Towards Autoformalization of LLM-generated Outputs for Requirement Verification","display_name":"Towards Autoformalization of LLM-generated Outputs for Requirement Verification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416351377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.11829"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.11829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11829","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.11829","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.11829","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120505615","display_name":"Mihir Gupte","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gupte, Mihir","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120410892","display_name":"S Ramesh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S, Ramesh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120505615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.21899999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.21899999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.2175000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.14309999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7422000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.5278000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.42010000348091125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7422000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.669700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.5278000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95318506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6588467","display_name":"Textual entailment","level":3,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21847791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191081","display_name":"Logical conjunction","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201677973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209840","display_name":"Specification language","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102315432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649732","display_name":"Formal system","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185954173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4347052","display_name":"Object language","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20693621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6667502","display_name":"Logical framework","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.11829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11829","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.11829","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.11829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.11829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.11829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11829","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.11829","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autoformalization,":[0],"the":[1,15,67,92,95,108,115,117,155],"process":[2],"of":[3,17,69,82,160],"translating":[4],"informal":[5],"statements":[6],"into":[7,172],"formal":[8,46,140],"logic,":[9],"has":[10],"gained":[11],"renewed":[12],"interest":[13],"with":[14],"emergence":[16],"powerful":[18],"Large":[19],"Language":[20],"Models":[21],"(LLMs).":[22],"While":[23],"LLMs":[24],"show":[25],"promise":[26],"in":[27],"generating":[28],"structured":[29],"outputs":[30,52,77],"from":[31,39],"natural":[32,83],"language":[33,84],"(NL),":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36,138],"Gherkin":[37],"Scenarios":[38],"NL":[40,102,129],"feature":[41],"requirements,":[42],"there's":[43],"currently":[44],"no":[45],"method":[47],"to":[48,74,121],"verify":[49,75],"if":[50],"these":[51],"are":[53],"accurate.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"takes":[57],"a":[58,70,79,123,127,139,164],"preliminary":[59],"step":[60],"toward":[61],"addressing":[62],"this":[63,173],"gap":[64],"by":[65],"exploring":[66],"use":[68],"simple":[71],"LLM-based":[72],"autoformalizer":[73,96,118],"LLM-generated":[76,133,161],"against":[78],"small":[80],"set":[81],"requirements.":[85],"We":[86],"conducted":[87],"two":[88,100],"distinct":[89],"experiments.":[90],"In":[91,114],"first":[93],"one,":[94],"successfully":[97],"identified":[98],"that":[99,148],"differently-worded":[101],"requirements":[103],"were":[104],"logically":[105],"equivalent,":[106],"demonstrating":[107],"pipeline's":[109],"potential":[110,152],"for":[111,153,167],"consistency":[112,159],"checks.":[113],"second,":[116],"was":[119],"used":[120],"identify":[122],"logical":[124,158],"inconsistency":[125],"between":[126],"given":[128],"requirement":[130],"and":[131,157],"an":[132],"output,":[134],"highlighting":[135],"its":[136],"utility":[137],"verification":[141],"tool.":[142],"Our":[143],"findings,":[144],"while":[145],"limited,":[146],"suggest":[147],"autoformalization":[149],"holds":[150],"significant":[151],"ensuring":[154],"fidelity":[156],"outputs,":[162],"laying":[163],"crucial":[165],"foundation":[166],"future,":[168],"more":[169],"extensive":[170],"studies":[171],"novel":[174],"application.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00"}