{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7093372638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.18318","title":"Earth AI: Unlocking Geospatial Insights with Foundation Models and Cross-Modal Reasoning","display_name":"Earth AI: Unlocking Geospatial Insights with Foundation Models and Cross-Modal Reasoning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7093372638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.18318"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.18318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.18318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.18318","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bell, Aaron","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bell, Aaron","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aides, Amit","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aides, Amit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Helmy, Amr","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helmy, Amr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muslim, Arbaaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muslim, Arbaaz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Barzilai, Aviad","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barzilai, Aviad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Slobodkin, Aviv","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slobodkin, Aviv","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jaber, Bolous","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaber, Bolous","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Schottlander, David","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schottlander, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Leifman, George","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leifman, George","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Paul, Joydeep","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul, Joydeep","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sun, Mimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Mimi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sherman, Nadav","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherman, Nadav","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Williams, Natalie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Williams, Natalie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bjornsson, Per","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjornsson, Per","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lee, Roy","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alcantara, Ruth","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alcantara, Ruth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Turnbull, Thomas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turnbull, Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shekel, Tomer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shekel, Tomer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Silverman, Vered","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silverman, Vered","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gigi, Yotam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gigi, Yotam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Boulanger, Adam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boulanger, Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ottenwess, Alex","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ottenwess, Alex","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmadalipour, Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmadalipour, Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Carter, Anna","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carter, Anna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vahedi, Behzad","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahedi, Behzad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Elliott, Charles","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elliott, Charles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andre, David","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aharoni, Elad","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aharoni, Elad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jung, Gia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung, Gia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thurston, Hassler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thurston, Hassler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bien, Jacob","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bien, Jacob","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"McPike, Jamie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McPike, Jamie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sapick, Jessica","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sapick, Jessica","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rothenberg, Juliet","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rothenberg, Juliet","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hegde, Kartik","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hegde, Kartik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Markert, Kel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markert, Kel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jablonski, Kim Philipp","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jablonski, Kim Philipp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Houriez, Luc","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houriez, Luc","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bharel, Monica","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bharel, Monica","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"VanLee, Phing","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"VanLee, Phing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sayag, Reuven","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayag, Reuven","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pilarski, Sebastian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pilarski, Sebastian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cazares, Shelley","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cazares, Shelley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pasternak, Shlomi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasternak, Shlomi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiang, Siduo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Siduo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Colthurst, Thomas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colthurst, Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chen, Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Refael, Yehonathan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Refael, Yehonathan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Blau, Yochai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blau, Yochai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Carny, Yuval","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carny, Yuval","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Maguire, Yael","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maguire, Yael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hassidim, Avinatan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassidim, Avinatan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Manyika, James","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manyika, James","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thelin, Tim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thelin, Tim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Beryozkin, Genady","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beryozkin, Genady","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Prasad, Gautam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasad, Gautam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Barrington, Luke","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barrington, Luke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Matias, Yossi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matias, Yossi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Efron, Niv","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Efron, Niv","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shetty, Shravya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shetty, Shravya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.3675000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.3675000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.05869999900460243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.04490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.9502999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5372999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-earth","display_name":"Digital Earth","score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.40400001406669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.9502999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6184999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5372999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120938966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275845","display_name":"Digital Earth","level":2,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.18318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.18318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.18318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.18318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geospatial":[0],"data":[1,17,140,170],"offers":[2],"immense":[3],"potential":[4],"for":[5,29,108],"understanding":[6],"our":[7,53,62,95,132,152],"planet.":[8,63],"However,":[9],"the":[10,89,155,165],"sheer":[11],"volume":[12],"and":[13,24,32,45,58,77,91,98,111,142,160,171],"diversity":[14],"of":[15,41,94,148],"this":[16],"along":[18,136],"with":[19,137],"its":[20],"varied":[21],"resolutions,":[22],"timescales,":[23],"sparsity":[25],"pose":[26],"significant":[27,50],"challenges":[28],"thorough":[30],"analysis":[31],"interpretation.":[33],"This":[34,64],"paper":[35],"introduces":[36],"Earth":[37],"AI,":[38],"a":[39,125,145],"family":[40],"geospatial":[42,109,139,169],"AI":[43],"models":[44,70,97,135],"agentic":[46],"reasoning":[47,82],"that":[48,100,128],"enables":[49],"advances":[51],"in":[52],"ability":[54,156],"to":[55,157],"unlock":[56,114],"novel":[57,92],"profound":[59],"insights":[60],"into":[61],"approach":[65],"is":[66],"built":[67],"upon":[68],"foundation":[69,96,134],"across":[71],"three":[72],"key":[73],"domains--Planet-scale":[74],"Imagery,":[75],"Population,":[76],"Environment--and":[78],"an":[79],"intelligent":[80],"Gemini-powered":[81,126],"engine.":[83],"We":[84],"present":[85],"rigorous":[86],"benchmarks":[87],"showcasing":[88],"power":[90],"capabilities":[93],"validate":[99],"when":[101],"used":[102],"together,":[103],"they":[104],"provide":[105],"complementary":[106],"value":[107],"inference":[110],"their":[112],"synergies":[113],"superior":[115],"predictive":[116],"capabilities.":[117],"To":[118],"handle":[119],"complex,":[120],"multi-step":[121],"queries,":[122],"we":[123],"developed":[124],"agent":[127,153],"jointly":[129],"reasons":[130],"over":[131],"multiple":[133],"large":[138],"sources":[141],"tools.":[143],"On":[144],"new":[146],"benchmark":[147],"real-world":[149],"crisis":[150],"scenarios,":[151],"demonstrates":[154],"deliver":[158],"critical":[159],"timely":[161],"insights,":[162],"effectively":[163],"bridging":[164],"gap":[166],"between":[167],"raw":[168],"actionable":[172],"understanding.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-16T07:02:28.622633","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}