{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416400843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.07960","title":"A Systematic Evaluation of Self-Supervised Learning for Label-Efficient Sleep Staging with Wearable EEG","display_name":"A Systematic Evaluation of Self-Supervised Learning for Label-Efficient Sleep Staging with Wearable EEG","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416400843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.07960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.07960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07960","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.07960","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.07960","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120606045","display_name":"Emilio Estevan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Estevan, Emilio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099136350","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Sierra-Torralba","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sierra-Torralba, Mar\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038872270","display_name":"Eduardo L\u00f3pez\u2010Larraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-1347"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L\u00f3pez-Larraz, Eduardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060302183","display_name":"Luis Montesano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-349X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montesano, Luis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120606045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.953000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.953000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.012600000016391277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7293999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-stages","display_name":"Sleep Stages","score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.42820000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.3587000072002411}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7293999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7045000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.42820000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188394188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744029","display_name":"Sleep medicine","level":4,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.07960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07960","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.07960","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.07960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.07960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.07960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07960","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.07960","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1643949827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G300979063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4079952795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4126322094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G661330594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6685425346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535663061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8260616629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8638682022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/50110001103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416400843.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wearable":[0],"EEG":[1,113,136,222],"devices":[2],"have":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,94,99,106,129,143],"promising":[7],"alternative":[8],"to":[9,60,67,110,157,176,199,235],"polysomnography":[10],"(PSG).":[11],"As":[12],"affordable":[13,253],"and":[14,71,104,134,141,149,163,248],"scalable":[15],"solutions,":[16],"their":[17],"widespread":[18],"adoption":[19],"results":[20],"in":[21],"the":[22,39,80,111,123,205,210,213,219,231,250],"collection":[23,145],"of":[24,27,42,84,101,146,201,233,252],"massive":[25],"volumes":[26],"unlabeled":[28,65,150],"data":[29,187],"that":[30,168],"cannot":[31],"be":[32],"analyzed":[33],"by":[34,174],"clinicians":[35],"at":[36],"scale.":[37],"Meanwhile,":[38],"recent":[40],"success":[41],"deep":[43],"learning":[44,55],"for":[45,86],"sleep":[46,87,119,238,254],"scoring":[47],"has":[48],"relied":[49],"on":[50,117,245],"large":[51,144],"annotated":[52],"datasets.":[53],"Self-supervised":[54],"(SSL)":[56],"offers":[57],"an":[58],"opportunity":[59],"bridge":[61],"this":[62,76],"gap,":[63],"leveraging":[64,196],"signals":[66],"address":[68],"label":[69,159],"scarcity":[70],"reduce":[72],"annotation":[73],"effort.":[74],"In":[75],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"present":[79],"first":[81],"systematic":[82],"evaluation":[83,153],"SSL":[85,102,169,190,216,234],"staging":[88,239],"using":[89],"wearable":[90,112,126,135,241],"EEG.":[91],"We":[92],"introduce":[93],"structured":[95],"benchmarking":[96],"framework":[97],"encompassing":[98],"range":[100],"paradigms":[103],"propose":[105],"specialized":[107],"pipeline":[108,217],"tailored":[109],"domain,":[114],"evaluating":[115],"them":[116],"two":[118],"databases":[120],"acquired":[121],"with":[122,138,181,240],"Ikon":[124],"Sleep":[125],"headband:":[127],"BOAS,":[128],"high-quality":[130],"benchmark":[131],"containing":[132],"PSG":[133],"recordings":[137],"consensus":[139],"labels,":[140],"HOGAR,":[142],"home-based,":[147],"self-recorded,":[148],"recordings.":[151],"Three":[152],"scenarios":[154],"are":[155],"defined":[156],"study":[158],"efficiency,":[160],"representation":[161],"quality,":[162],"cross-dataset":[164],"generalization.":[165],"Results":[166],"show":[167],"consistently":[170],"improves":[171],"classification":[172],"performance":[173],"up":[175],"10%":[177,200],"over":[178],"supervised":[179,206],"baselines,":[180],"gains":[182],"particularly":[183],"evident":[184],"when":[185],"labeled":[186,202],"is":[188],"scarce.":[189],"achieves":[191],"clinical-grade":[192],"accuracy":[193],"above":[194],"80%":[195],"only":[197],"5%":[198],"data,":[203],"while":[204],"approach":[207],"requires":[208],"twice":[209],"labels.":[211],"Additionally,":[212],"proposed":[214],"domain-specific":[215],"outperforms":[218],"evaluated":[220],"general-purpose":[221],"foundation":[223],"models":[224],"across":[225],"all":[226],"scenarios.":[227],"Our":[228],"findings":[229],"demonstrate":[230],"potential":[232],"enable":[236],"label-efficient":[237],"EEG,":[242],"reducing":[243],"reliance":[244],"manual":[246],"annotations":[247],"advancing":[249],"development":[251],"monitoring":[255],"systems.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-11T00:00:00"}
