{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414790542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.21106","title":"BESPOKE: Benchmark for Search-Augmented Large Language Model Personalization via Diagnostic Feedback","display_name":"BESPOKE: Benchmark for Search-Augmented Large Language Model Personalization via Diagnostic Feedback","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414790542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.21106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.21106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21106","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.21106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.21106","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052001877","display_name":"Hyunseo Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Hyunseo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116568361","display_name":"Sangam Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Sangam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110777107","display_name":"Kwangwook Seo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seo, Kwangwook","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071595184","display_name":"Dongha Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-3476"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Dongha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.8801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bespoke","display_name":"Bespoke","score":0.8675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6880999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5751000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nesting","display_name":"Nesting (process)","score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.42309999465942383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.8801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44210515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16968978","display_name":"Bespoke","level":2,"score":0.8675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.817799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6880999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5751000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2229669","display_name":"Nesting (process)","level":2,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67712803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901853","display_name":"User modeling","level":3,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776945383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170667","display_name":"Personalized search","level":3,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51929080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2425187","display_name":"Codebase","level":3,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.21106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21106","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.21106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.21106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.21106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.21106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21106","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.21106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3525134573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00457882","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5704809196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00457882","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414790542.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414790542.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Search-augmented":[0],"large":[1],"language":[2],"models":[3],"(LLMs)":[4],"have":[5],"advanced":[6],"information-seeking":[7,162],"tasks":[8],"by":[9,62,96,108],"integrating":[10],"retrieval":[11],"into":[12],"generation,":[13],"reducing":[14],"users'":[15],"cognitive":[16],"burden":[17],"compared":[18],"to":[19,92],"traditional":[20],"search":[21,101],"systems.":[22],"Yet":[23],"they":[24],"remain":[25],"insufficient":[26],"for":[27,83,158,167],"fully":[28],"addressing":[29],"diverse":[30],"user":[31,64],"needs,":[32,139],"which":[33],"requires":[34],"recognizing":[35],"how":[36],"the":[37,80],"same":[38],"query":[39],"can":[40],"reflect":[41],"different":[42],"intents":[43],"across":[44],"users":[45],"and":[46,58,100,106,115,140,145,176],"delivering":[47],"information":[48,138],"in":[49,86,161],"preferred":[50],"forms.":[51],"While":[52],"recent":[53],"systems":[54],"such":[55,69],"as":[56],"ChatGPT":[57],"Gemini":[59],"attempt":[60],"personalization":[61,70,85,160],"leveraging":[63],"histories,":[65,133],"systematic":[66,152],"evaluation":[67,169],"of":[68,170],"is":[71,90,119],"under-explored.":[72],"To":[73],"address":[74],"this":[75],"gap,":[76],"we":[77,150],"propose":[78],"BESPOKE,":[79,149],"realistic":[81],"benchmark":[82,118],"evaluating":[84],"search-augmented":[87,172],"LLMs.":[88,173],"BESPOKE":[89],"designed":[91],"be":[93],"both":[94],"realistic,":[95],"collecting":[97],"authentic":[98],"chat":[99],"histories":[102],"directly":[103],"from":[104],"humans,":[105],"diagnostic,":[107],"pairing":[109],"responses":[110,142],"with":[111,136,143],"fine-grained":[112,168],"preference":[113],"scores":[114,144],"feedback.":[116,147],"The":[117],"constructed":[120],"through":[121],"long-term,":[122],"deeply":[123],"engaged":[124],"human":[125,128],"annotation,":[126],"where":[127],"annotators":[129],"contributed":[130],"their":[131],"own":[132],"authored":[134],"queries":[135],"detailed":[137],"evaluated":[141],"diagnostic":[146],"Leveraging":[148],"conduct":[151],"analyses":[153],"that":[154],"reveal":[155],"key":[156],"requirements":[157],"effective":[159],"tasks,":[163],"providing":[164],"a":[165],"foundation":[166],"personalized":[171],"Our":[174],"code":[175],"data":[177],"are":[178],"available":[179],"at":[180],"https://augustinlib.github.io/BESPOKE/.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
