{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414697912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.15557","title":"Reward Hacking Mitigation using Verifiable Composite Rewards","display_name":"Reward Hacking Mitigation using Verifiable Composite Rewards","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414697912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.15557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.15557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15557","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.15557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.15557","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000067159","display_name":"Mirza Farhan Bin Tarek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0403-6442"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarek, Mirza Farhan Bin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044208559","display_name":"Rahmatollah Beheshti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8912-3063"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beheshti, Rahmatollah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.904699981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.904699981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.7628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7315999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5906000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5164999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.7628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7315999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7091000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5906000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5164999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33435437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366791","display_name":"Curiosity","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.15557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15557","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.15557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.15557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.15557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.15557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15557","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.15557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reinforcement":[0],"Learning":[1],"from":[2],"Verifiable":[3],"Rewards":[4],"(RLVR)":[5],"has":[6],"recently":[7],"shown":[8],"that":[9,88],"large":[10],"language":[11],"models":[12,125],"(LLMs)":[13],"can":[14],"develop":[15],"their":[16],"own":[17],"reasoning":[18,40,63,99],"without":[19,56],"direct":[20],"supervision.":[21],"However,":[22],"applications":[23],"in":[24],"the":[25,39,67,109,122],"medical":[26],"domain,":[27],"specifically":[28],"for":[29,82],"question":[30],"answering,":[31],"are":[32],"susceptible":[33],"to":[34,65,97,108],"significant":[35],"reward":[36,68,77,94,102,118],"hacking":[37,103,119],"during":[38],"phase.":[41],"Our":[42,85],"work":[43],"addresses":[44],"two":[45],"primary":[46],"forms":[47],"of":[48,124],"this":[49],"behavior:":[50],"i)":[51],"providing":[52],"a":[53,75,114],"final":[54],"answer":[55],"preceding":[57],"reasoning,":[58],"and":[59,104,120],"ii)":[60],"employing":[61],"non-standard":[62],"formats":[64],"exploit":[66],"mechanism.":[69],"To":[70],"mitigate":[71],"these,":[72],"we":[73],"introduce":[74],"composite":[76],"function":[78],"with":[79,91,100],"specific":[80],"penalties":[81],"these":[83],"behaviors.":[84],"experiments":[86],"show":[87],"extending":[89],"RLVR":[90],"our":[92],"proposed":[93],"model":[95],"leads":[96],"better-formatted":[98],"less":[101],"good":[105],"accuracy":[106],"compared":[107],"baselines.":[110],"This":[111],"approach":[112],"marks":[113],"step":[115],"toward":[116],"reducing":[117],"enhancing":[121],"reliability":[123],"utilizing":[126],"RLVR.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}