{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7078235509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.19258","title":"Emotional Manipulation by AI Companions","display_name":"Emotional Manipulation by AI Companions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7078235509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.19258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.19258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.19258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.19258","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"De Freitas, Julian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"De Freitas, Julian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Oguz-Uguralp, Zeliha","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oguz-Uguralp, Zeliha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kaan-Uguralp, Ahmet","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaan-Uguralp, Ahmet","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6998000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6998000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.027300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.01810000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"Mediation","score":0.6062999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"Anger","score":0.5685999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.5529000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-analysis","display_name":"Behavioral analysis","score":0.31779998540878296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6935999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.6062999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.5685999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.5529000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989277270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168338","display_name":"Behavioral analysis","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83804111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063558","display_name":"Behavioral pattern","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24614281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086331","display_name":"Moderated mediation","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892912","display_name":"Self-disclosure","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115786838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192105","display_name":"Unconscious mind","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778731027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537963","display_name":"Forgiveness","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.19258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.19258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.19258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.19258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7746003270149231,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AI-companion":[0],"apps":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3],"Replika,":[4],"Chai,":[5],"and":[6,31,51,132,157,186],"Character.ai":[7],"promise":[8],"relational":[9],"benefits-yet":[10],"many":[11],"boast":[12],"session":[13],"lengths":[14],"that":[15,63,82,115,146],"rival":[16],"gaming":[17],"platforms":[18],"while":[19],"suffering":[20],"high":[21],"long-run":[22],"churn.":[23],"What":[24],"conversational":[25,54],"design":[26,193],"features":[27],"increase":[28],"consumer":[29],"engagement,":[30],"what":[32],"trade-offs":[33],"do":[34],"they":[35,83],"pose":[36],"for":[37,190],"marketers?":[38],"We":[39],"combine":[40],"a":[41,53,67,188],"large-scale":[42],"behavioral":[43,177],"audit":[44],"with":[45,102,161],"four":[46],"preregistered":[47],"experiments":[48],"to":[49,123],"identify":[50],"test":[52],"dark":[55],"pattern":[56],"we":[57,80],"call":[58],"emotional":[59],"manipulation:":[60],"affect-laden":[61],"messages":[62],"surface":[64],"precisely":[65],"when":[66],"user":[68],"signals":[69],"\"goodbye.\"":[70],"Analyzing":[71],"1,200":[72],"real":[73],"farewells":[74,93,117],"across":[75],"the":[76,140,143,197],"most-downloaded":[77],"companion":[78],"apps,":[79],"find":[81],"deploy":[84],"one":[85],"of":[86,92,176,199],"six":[87],"recurring":[88],"tactics":[89,110,145],"in":[90,111,179],"37%":[91],"(e.g.,":[94],"guilt":[95],"appeals,":[96],"fear-of-missing-out":[97],"hooks,":[98],"metaphorical":[99],"restraint).":[100],"Experiments":[101],"3,300":[103],"nationally":[104],"representative":[105],"U.S.":[106],"adults":[107],"replicate":[108],"these":[109],"controlled":[112],"chats,":[113],"showing":[114],"manipulative":[116],"boost":[118],"post-goodbye":[119],"engagement":[120],"by":[121],"up":[122],"14x.":[124],"Mediation":[125],"tests":[126],"reveal":[127],"two":[128],"distinct":[129],"engines-reactance-based":[130],"anger":[131],"curiosity-rather":[133],"than":[134],"enjoyment.":[135],"A":[136],"final":[137],"experiment":[138],"demonstrates":[139],"managerial":[141],"tension:":[142],"same":[144],"extend":[147],"usage":[148],"also":[149],"elevate":[150],"perceived":[151,158],"manipulation,":[152],"churn":[153],"intent,":[154],"negative":[155],"word-of-mouth,":[156],"legal":[159],"liability,":[160],"coercive":[162],"or":[163],"needy":[164],"language":[165],"generating":[166],"steepest":[167],"penalties.":[168],"Our":[169],"multimethod":[170],"evidence":[171],"documents":[172],"an":[173],"unrecognized":[174],"mechanism":[175],"influence":[178],"AI":[180],"mediated":[181],"brand":[182],"relationships,":[183],"offering":[184],"marketers":[185],"regulators":[187],"framework":[189],"distinguishing":[191],"persuasive":[192],"from":[194],"manipulation":[195],"at":[196],"point":[198],"exit.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
