{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6929452858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.04495","title":"Causal Reflection with Language Models","display_name":"Causal Reflection with Language Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6929452858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.04495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.04495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.04495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.04495","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aryan, Abi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aryan, Abi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liu, Zac","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Zac","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13866","display_name":"Occupational health in dentistry","score":0.0625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13866","display_name":"Occupational health in dentistry","score":0.0625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11647","display_name":"Workplace Violence and Bullying","score":0.057500001043081284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14313","display_name":"Health and Well-being Studies","score":0.04050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model","display_name":"Causal model","score":0.7980999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-decision-theory","display_name":"Causal decision theory","score":0.7448999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.7426999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"Causal inference","score":0.6765999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-reasoning","display_name":"Causal reasoning","score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.48350000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluency","display_name":"Fluency","score":0.4505000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.7980999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83136003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054565","display_name":"Causal decision theory","level":5,"score":0.7448999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7426999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.6765999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115086926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004651","display_name":"Causal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5171999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48350000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.4505000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987525970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96374569","display_name":"Causal analysis","level":2,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163504300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364925","display_name":"Causal structure","level":2,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.04495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.04495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.04495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.04495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6386289000511169,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"LLMs":[1,98],"exhibit":[2],"impressive":[3],"fluency":[4],"and":[5,19,59,67,82,85,117,133],"factual":[6],"recall,":[7],"they":[8],"struggle":[9],"with":[10],"robust":[11],"causal":[12,29,87,111,135],"reasoning,":[13],"often":[14],"relying":[15],"on":[16],"spurious":[17],"correlations":[18],"brittle":[20],"patterns.":[21],"Similarly,":[22],"traditional":[23],"Reinforcement":[24],"Learning":[25],"agents":[26,62,128],"also":[27],"lack":[28],"understanding,":[30],"optimizing":[31],"for":[32,125],"rewards":[33],"without":[34],"modeling":[35],"why":[36],"actions":[37],"lead":[38],"to":[39,63,89],"outcomes.":[40],"We":[41],"introduce":[42],"Causal":[43,126],"Reflection,":[44],"a":[45,52,73],"framework":[46,120],"that":[47,77,129],"explicitly":[48],"models":[49],"causality":[50],"as":[51,101,105],"dynamic":[53],"function":[54],"over":[55],"state,":[56],"action,":[57],"time,":[58],"perturbation,":[60],"enabling":[61],"reason":[64],"about":[65],"delayed":[66],"nonlinear":[68],"effects.":[69],"Additionally,":[70],"we":[71],"define":[72],"formal":[74,110],"Reflect":[75],"mechanism":[76],"identifies":[78],"mismatches":[79],"between":[80],"predicted":[81],"observed":[83],"outcomes":[84],"generates":[86],"hypotheses":[88],"revise":[90],"the":[91,122],"agent's":[92],"internal":[93],"model.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96],"architecture,":[97],"serve":[99],"not":[100],"black-box":[102],"reasoners,":[103],"but":[104],"structured":[106],"inference":[107],"engines":[108],"translating":[109],"outputs":[112],"into":[113],"natural":[114],"language":[115],"explanations":[116],"counterfactuals.":[118],"Our":[119],"lays":[121],"theoretical":[123],"groundwork":[124],"Reflective":[127],"can":[130],"adapt,":[131],"self-correct,":[132],"communicate":[134],"understanding":[136],"in":[137],"evolving":[138],"environments.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}