{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6966537783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.22485","title":"Physics-constrained generative machine learning-based high-resolution downscaling of Greenland's surface mass balance and surface temperature","display_name":"Physics-constrained generative machine learning-based high-resolution downscaling of Greenland's surface mass balance and surface temperature","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6966537783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.22485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.pik-potsdam.de:item_34244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_34244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400891","display_name":"Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","host_organization_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60200437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Cryosphere","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_34244","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bochow, Nils","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bochow, Nils","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hess, Philipp","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hess, Philipp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robinson, Alexander","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robinson, Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downscaling","display_name":"Downscaling","score":0.7976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-model","display_name":"Climate model","score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier-mass-balance","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4018000066280365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.7976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80368990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046459","display_name":"Earth system science","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.pik-potsdam.de:item_34244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_34244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400891","display_name":"Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","host_organization_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60200437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Cryosphere","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.22485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.22485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.pik-potsdam.de:item_34244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_34244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400891","display_name":"Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","host_organization_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60200437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Cryosphere","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.6948903799057007}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate,":[0],"high-resolution":[1,208],"projections":[2,230],"of":[3,61,85,110,144,181,196,231],"the":[4,86,116,132,148,154,168,182,194,232],"Greenland":[5,239],"ice":[6,243],"sheet's":[7],"surface":[8,13,55,155],"mass":[9],"balance":[10],"(SMB)":[11],"and":[12,54,91,96,112,150,217,224,240,245],"temperature":[14,56,113],"are":[15,25],"essential":[16],"for":[17,147,153,211],"understanding":[18],"future":[19,233],"sea-level":[20,236],"rise,":[21],"yet":[22],"current":[23],"approaches":[24],"either":[26],"computationally":[27],"demanding":[28],"or":[29],"limited":[30],"to":[31,50,63,68,125,189,192,199,228,235],"coarse":[32,117],"spatial":[33,118,162,174],"scales.":[34,175],"Here,":[35],"we":[36,106,165],"introduce":[37],"a":[38,46,59,74,100,139],"novel":[39],"physics-constrained":[40],"generative":[41],"modeling":[42],"framework":[43],"based":[44],"on":[45,82,93,115],"consistency":[47],"model":[48,89,198,226],"(CM)":[49],"downscale":[51,201],"low-resolution":[52],"SMB":[53,111,149],"fields":[57],"by":[58],"factor":[60],"up":[62],"32":[64],"(from":[65],"160":[66],"km":[67,70],"5":[69],"grid":[71],"spacing)":[72],"in":[73],"few":[75],"sampling":[76],"steps.":[77],"The":[78],"CM":[79,137,169],"is":[80],"trained":[81],"monthly":[83],"outputs":[84,180],"regional":[87],"climate":[88,127,209],"MARv3.12":[90],"conditioned":[92],"ice-sheet":[94,212,225],"topography":[95],"insolation.":[97],"By":[98],"enforcing":[99],"hard":[101],"conservation":[102],"constraint":[103],"during":[104],"inference,":[105],"ensure":[107],"approximate":[108],"preservation":[109],"sums":[114],"scale":[119],"as":[120,122,187],"well":[121],"robust":[123],"generalization":[124],"extreme":[126],"states":[128],"without":[129],"retraining.":[130],"On":[131],"test":[133],"set,":[134],"our":[135,190,197],"constrained":[136],"achieves":[138],"continued":[140],"ranked":[141],"probability":[142],"score":[143],"6.31":[145],"mmWE":[146],"0.1":[151],"K":[152],"temperature,":[156],"outperforming":[157],"interpolation-based":[158],"downscaling.":[159],"Together":[160],"with":[161,214],"power-spectral":[163],"analysis,":[164],"demonstrate":[166,193],"that":[167],"faithfully":[170],"reproduces":[171],"variability":[172],"across":[173],"We":[176],"further":[177],"apply":[178],"bias-corrected":[179],"NorESM2":[183],"Earth":[184],"System":[185],"Model":[186],"inputs":[188],"CM,":[191],"potential":[195],"directly":[200],"ESM":[202],"fields.":[203],"Our":[204],"approach":[205],"delivers":[206],"realistic,":[207],"forcing":[210],"simulations":[213],"fast":[215],"inference":[216],"can":[218],"be":[219],"readily":[220],"integrated":[221],"into":[222],"Earth-system":[223],"workflows":[227],"improve":[229],"contribution":[234],"rise":[237],"from":[238],"potentially":[241],"other":[242],"sheets":[244],"glaciers":[246],"too.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
