{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416831906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.14226","title":"Mapping the Parasocial AI Market: User Trends, Engagement and Risks","display_name":"Mapping the Parasocial AI Market: User Trends, Engagement and Risks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416831906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.14226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2507.14226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14226","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.14226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.14226","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qian, Zilan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian, Zilan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120440411","display_name":"Mari Izumikawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izumikawa, Mari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017120003","display_name":"Fritz Lodge","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lodge, Fiona","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Leone, Angelo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leone, Angelo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.18019999563694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.18019999563694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.15199999511241913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.12710000574588776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.4927999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mhealth","display_name":"mHealth","score":0.2793999910354614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.4927999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069079","display_name":"mHealth","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984870255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5196451","display_name":"User engagement","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2507.14226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14226","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.14226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.14226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.14226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2507.14226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14226","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.14226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"scan":[1],"of":[2,22,32,66,93,101],"110":[3],"AI":[4,17,24,88,117,150,162],"companion":[5],"platforms":[6,33,48],"reveals":[7],"a":[8,29],"rapidly":[9],"growing":[10,30],"global":[11,99],"market":[12],"for":[13,37,131,159],"emotionally":[14,144],"engaging,":[15],"personalized":[16,146],"interactions.":[18],"While":[19],"parasocial":[20,149],"use":[21,151],"general-purpose":[23],"(GPAI)":[25],"tools":[26,139],"currently":[27],"dominates,":[28],"number":[31],"are":[34,140],"designed":[35],"specifically":[36],"care,":[38],"transactional,":[39],"or":[40],"mating":[41],"companionship.":[42],"In":[43],"the":[44,98,157,160],"UK":[45,77,94,161],"alone,":[46],"these":[47],"receive":[49],"between":[50,81],"46":[51],"million":[52,55,76],"and":[53,83,108,170],"91":[54],"monthly":[56],"visits":[57,78,95],"(1.1-2.2":[58],"billion":[59],"globally),":[60],"with":[61],"users":[62],"spending":[63],"an":[64],"average":[65,100],"3.5":[67],"minutes":[68],"per":[69,79],"session.":[70],"For":[71],"context,":[72],"Instagram":[73],"averaged":[74],"67.3":[75],"month":[80],"January":[82],"March":[84],"2025.":[85],"Notably,":[86],"mating-oriented":[87,115],"companions":[89],"make":[90],"up":[91],"44%":[92],"(higher":[96],"than":[97,111],"30%)":[102],"but":[103],"see":[104],"lower":[105],"session":[106],"times":[107],"return":[109],"rates":[110],"mixed-use":[112],"platforms.":[113],"As":[114],"romantic":[116],"offerings":[118],"improve,":[119],"increased":[120],"engagement":[121],"may":[122],"follow,":[123],"raising":[124],"urgent":[125],"concerns":[126],"about":[127],"online":[128],"safety,":[129],"particularly":[130],"children,":[132],"given":[133],"weak":[134],"age":[135],"safeguards.":[136],"Meanwhile,":[137],"GPAI":[138],"moving":[141],"toward":[142],"more":[143],"intelligent,":[145],"interactions,":[147],"making":[148],"increasingly":[152],"mainstream.":[153],"These":[154],"trends":[155],"highlight":[156],"need":[158],"Security":[163],"Institute":[164],"(AISI)":[165],"to":[166],"monitor":[167],"this":[168],"sector":[169],"assess":[171],"whether":[172],"existing":[173],"regulation":[174],"sufficiently":[175],"addresses":[176],"emerging":[177],"societal":[178],"risks.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
