{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416072468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.03401","title":"RAGOps: Operating and Managing Retrieval-Augmented Generation Pipelines","display_name":"RAGOps: Operating and Managing Retrieval-Augmented Generation Pipelines","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416072468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.03401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.03401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03401","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.03401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.03401","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006841485","display_name":"Xiwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2273-1862"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Xiwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118623439","display_name":"Hans Weytjens","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weytjens, Hans","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057228994","display_name":"Dawen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0801-475X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Dawen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075900594","display_name":"Qinghua Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7783-5183"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Qinghua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071642549","display_name":"Ingo Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-5921"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weber, Ingo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064683660","display_name":"Liming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5839-3765"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Liming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.21160000562667847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.21160000562667847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.18880000710487366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.09769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5963000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-lifecycle-management","display_name":"Application lifecycle management","score":0.5196999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-lifecycle","display_name":"System lifecycle","score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-management","display_name":"Data management","score":0.3578999936580658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5963000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.53329998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30452754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621590","display_name":"Application lifecycle management","level":3,"score":0.5196999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35280785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559486","display_name":"System lifecycle","level":4,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1668388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149776","display_name":"Data management","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128487930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579488","display_name":"Information management","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29848774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61905","display_name":"Management information systems","level":3,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194304873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967338","display_name":"Product lifecycle","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136227091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380376","display_name":"Enterprise data management","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71405471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757012","display_name":"Quality management","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.03401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03401","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.03401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.03401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.03401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.03401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03401","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.03401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"studies":[1],"show":[2],"that":[3],"60%":[4],"of":[5,15,25,51,114,131,139,152,157,179],"LLM-based":[6],"compound":[7,53],"systems":[8,54,62],"in":[9,55,85],"enterprise":[10],"environments":[11],"leverage":[12],"some":[13],"form":[14],"retrieval-augmented":[16],"generation":[17,103],"(RAG),":[18],"which":[19,134],"enhances":[20],"the":[21,41,47,82,111,119,129,136,141,144,148,158,167,183],"relevance":[22,101],"and":[23,43,49,66,95,102,143,161,173,182],"accuracy":[24],"LLM":[26,52,61,142],"(or":[27],"other":[28],"genAI)":[29],"outputs":[30],"by":[31,72],"retrieving":[32],"relevant":[33],"information":[34],"from":[35],"external":[36,86],"data":[37,78,87,97],"sources.":[38,88],"LLMOps":[39,71],"involves":[40],"practices":[42],"techniques":[44],"for":[45,93,123],"managing":[46],"lifecycle":[48,130,160],"operations":[50,65],"production":[56],"environments.":[57],"It":[58],"supports":[59],"enhancing":[60,99],"through":[63],"continuous":[64,83],"feedback":[67],"evaluation.":[68],"RAGOps":[69,153,185],"extends":[70],"incorporating":[73],"a":[74],"strong":[75],"focus":[76],"on":[77,118],"management":[79,137],"to":[80],"address":[81],"changes":[84],"This":[89],"necessitates":[90],"automated":[91],"methods":[92],"evaluating":[94],"testing":[96],"operations,":[98],"retrieval":[100],"quality.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106],"paper,":[107],"we":[108],"(1)":[109],"characterize":[110],"generic":[112],"architecture":[113],"RAG":[115,132,159,180],"applications":[116,181],"based":[117],"4+1":[120],"model":[121],"view":[122],"describing":[124],"software":[125],"architectures,":[126],"(2)":[127],"outline":[128],"systems,":[133],"integrates":[135],"lifecycles":[138],"both":[140],"data,":[145],"(3)":[146],"define":[147],"key":[149],"design":[150],"considerations":[151],"across":[154],"different":[155],"stages":[156],"quality":[162],"trade-off":[163],"analyses,":[164],"(4)":[165],"highlight":[166],"overarching":[168],"research":[169],"challenges":[170],"around":[171],"RAGOps,":[172],"(5)":[174],"present":[175],"two":[176],"use":[177],"cases":[178],"corresponding":[184],"considerations.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
