{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415133741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.02514","title":"To Embody or Not: The Effect Of Embodiment On User Perception Of LLM-based Conversational Agents","display_name":"To Embody or Not: The Effect Of Embodiment On User Perception Of LLM-based Conversational Agents","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415133741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.02514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.02514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02514","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.02514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.02514","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076532055","display_name":"Kyra Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8583-8763"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Kyra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044922506","display_name":"Boon\u2010Kiat Quek","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quek, Boon-Kiat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Goh, Jessica","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goh, Jessica","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069548004","display_name":"Dorien Herremans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-1640"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herremans, Dorien","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9318000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9265000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-cognition","display_name":"Embodied cognition","score":0.892300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.7245000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.6205000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-agent","display_name":"Embodied agent","score":0.49570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"Intuition","score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.43149998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.892300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.7245000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.6205000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5187000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103683099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370102","display_name":"Embodied agent","level":3,"score":0.49570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190954187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270587","display_name":"Dialog system","level":3,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.02514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02514","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.02514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.02514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.02514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.02514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02514","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.02514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G392792972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKI 2021_04_06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324110","funder_display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324110","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415133741.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415133741.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Embodiment":[0],"in":[1,44,81,107,153],"conversational":[2],"agents":[3],"(CAs)":[4],"refers":[5],"to":[6,167,178,189],"the":[7,29,34,92,103,114,121,140,154],"physical":[8],"or":[9],"visual":[10],"representation":[11],"of":[12,31,36,52,131,143,147,156,160],"these":[13],"agents,":[14],"which":[15],"can":[16,150],"significantly":[17,96],"influence":[18],"user":[19],"perception":[20,35,146],"and":[21,86,106,134,169],"interaction.":[22],"Limited":[23],"work":[24,127],"has":[25],"been":[26],"done":[27],"examining":[28],"effect":[30],"embodiment":[32,144,172],"on":[33,75,125,128,145],"CAs":[37,53,80],"utilizing":[38],"modern":[39],"large":[40],"language":[41],"models":[42,57],"(LLMs)":[43],"non-hierarchical":[45],"cooperative":[46,82],"tasks,":[47],"a":[48,71,162,175,180,187],"common":[49],"use":[50],"case":[51],"as":[54],"more":[55,118],"powerful":[56],"become":[58,151],"widely":[59],"available":[60],"for":[61,100],"general":[62],"use.":[63],"To":[64],"bridge":[65],"this":[66],"research":[67],"gap,":[68],"we":[69,137],"conducted":[70],"mixed-methods":[72],"within-subjects":[73],"study":[74],"how":[76],"users":[77],"perceive":[78],"LLM-based":[79],"tasks":[83],"when":[84],"embodied":[85,104,115],"non-embodied.":[87],"The":[88,158],"results":[89],"show":[90],"that":[91,113,139],"non-embodied":[93,122],"agent":[94],"received":[95],"better":[97],"quantitative":[98],"appraisals":[99],"competence":[101],"than":[102,120],"agent,":[105],"qualitative":[108],"feedback,":[109],"many":[110],"participants":[111],"believed":[112],"CA":[116,148],"was":[117],"sycophantic":[119],"CA.":[123],"Building":[124],"prior":[126],"users'":[129],"perceptions":[130],"LLM":[132],"sycophancy":[133],"anthropomorphic":[135],"features,":[136],"theorize":[138],"typically-positive":[141],"impact":[142],"credibility":[149,183],"detrimental":[152],"presence":[155],"sycophancy.":[157,190],"implication":[159],"such":[161],"phenomenon":[163],"is":[164,173],"that,":[165],"contrary":[166],"intuition":[168],"existing":[170],"literature,":[171],"not":[174],"straightforward":[176],"way":[177],"improve":[179],"CA's":[181],"perceived":[182],"if":[184],"there":[185],"exists":[186],"tendency":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-14T00:00:00"}