{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414581929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.18995","title":"FiLLM -- A Filipino-optimized Large Language Model based on Southeast Asia Large Language Model (SEALLM)","display_name":"FiLLM -- A Filipino-optimized Large Language Model based on Southeast Asia Large Language Model (SEALLM)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414581929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.18995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.18995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18995","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.18995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.18995","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119753734","display_name":"Carlos Jude G. Maminta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800060660","display_name":"Polytechnic University of the Philippines","ror":"https://ror.org/00e7vmq69","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800060660"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maminta, Carlos Jude G.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institution College of Computer,Information Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institution College of Computer,Information Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800060660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119753735","display_name":"Isaiah Job Enriquez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800060660","display_name":"Polytechnic University of the Philippines","ror":"https://ror.org/00e7vmq69","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800060660"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enriquez, Isaiah Job","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institution College of Computer,Information Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institution College of Computer,Information Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800060660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119753736","display_name":"Deandre Nigel Nu\u00f1ez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800060660","display_name":"Polytechnic University of the Philippines","ror":"https://ror.org/00e7vmq69","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800060660"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nunez, Deandre Nigel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institution College of Computer,Information Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institution College of Computer,Information Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800060660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119753737","display_name":"Michael B. Dela Fuente","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800060660","display_name":"Polytechnic University of the Philippines","ror":"https://ror.org/00e7vmq69","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800060660"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuente, Michael B. Dela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institution College of Computer,Information Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institution College of Computer,Information Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800060660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800060660"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.6985999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.5544999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-language-model","display_name":"Cache language model","score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4219000041484833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7914000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.6985999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.66839998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.598800003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5544999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39608478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015979","display_name":"Cache language model","level":5,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129792486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050419","display_name":"Language identification","level":3,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83479923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063748","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","level":4,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019398675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11708","display_name":"Southeast asia","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64249296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5250411","display_name":"Deep linguistic processing","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.18995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18995","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.18995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.18995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.18995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.18995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18995","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.18995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,110],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"FiLLM,":[3],"a":[4],"Filipino-optimized":[5],"large":[6],"language":[7,13,127],"model,":[8,26],"designed":[9],"to":[10,33,51,113],"enhance":[11],"natural":[12],"processing":[14,101],"(NLP)":[15],"capabilities":[16],"in":[17,94,100],"the":[18,23,72,114],"Filipino":[19,49,102,117],"language.":[20],"Built":[21],"upon":[22],"SeaLLM-7B":[24],"2.5":[25],"FiLLM":[27],"leverages":[28],"Low-Rank":[29],"Adaptation":[30],"(LoRA)":[31],"fine-tuning":[32],"optimize":[34],"memory":[35],"efficiency":[36],"while":[37],"maintaining":[38],"task-specific":[39],"performance.":[40],"The":[41],"model":[42,74,128],"was":[43],"trained":[44],"and":[45,66,84,108,125],"evaluated":[46],"on":[47],"diverse":[48],"datasets":[50],"address":[52],"key":[53],"NLP":[54,118],"tasks,":[55],"including":[56],"Named":[57],"Entity":[58],"Recognition":[59],"(NER),":[60],"Part-of-Speech":[61],"(POS)":[62],"tagging,":[63],"Dependency":[64],"Parsing,":[65],"Text":[67],"Summarization.":[68],"Performance":[69],"comparisons":[70],"with":[71,104],"CalamanCy":[73],"were":[75],"conducted":[76],"using":[77],"F1":[78],"Score,":[79],"Precision,":[80],"Recall,":[81],"Compression":[82],"Rate,":[83],"Keyword":[85],"Overlap":[86],"metrics.":[87],"Results":[88],"indicate":[89],"that":[90],"Calamancy":[91],"outperforms":[92],"FILLM":[93],"several":[95],"aspects,":[96],"demonstrating":[97],"its":[98],"effectiveness":[99],"text":[103],"improved":[105],"linguistic":[106,132],"comprehension":[107],"adaptability.":[109],"research":[111],"contributes":[112],"advancement":[115],"of":[116],"applications":[119],"by":[120],"providing":[121],"an":[122],"optimized,":[123],"efficient,":[124],"scalable":[126],"tailored":[129],"for":[130],"local":[131],"needs.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}