{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415320249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.14722","title":"ComBAT Harmonization for diffusion MRI: Challenges and Best Practices","display_name":"ComBAT Harmonization for diffusion MRI: Challenges and Best Practices","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415320249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.14722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.14722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14722","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.14722","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.14722","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086581005","display_name":"Pierre\u2010Marc Jodoin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6038-5753"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jodoin, Pierre-Marc","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045834499","display_name":"Manon Edde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-8031"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edde, Manon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062786191","display_name":"Gabriel Girard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-3104"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Girard, Gabriel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079749936","display_name":"F\u00e9lix Dumais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-1818"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dumais, F\u00e9lix","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074466328","display_name":"Guillaume Theaud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8440-1009"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theaud, Guillaume","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049331972","display_name":"Matthieu Dumont","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dumont, Matthieu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108664150","display_name":"Jean-Christophe Houde","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houde, Jean-Christophe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120051102","display_name":"Yoan David","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David, Yoan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045679867","display_name":"Maxime Descoteaux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8191-2129"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Descoteaux, Maxime","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11885","display_name":"MRI in cancer diagnosis","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-practice","display_name":"Best practice","score":0.6751999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6664999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative","display_name":"Normative","score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplicative-function","display_name":"Multiplicative function","score":0.5128999948501587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.6751999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6664999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42747912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048447","display_name":"Multiplicative function","level":2,"score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779962950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659376","display_name":"Harmonization","level":2,"score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203223496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681344","display_name":"Additive model","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.14722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14722","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.14722","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.14722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.14722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.14722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14722","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.14722","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,6,61,89,100,106],"years,":[2],"ComBAT":[3,29,79],"has":[4],"become":[5],"standard":[7],"method":[8],"for":[9,18,60,65,83,136],"harmonizing":[10],"MRI-derived":[11],"measurements,":[12],"with":[13],"its":[14],"ability":[15],"to":[16,127],"compensate":[17],"site-related":[19],"additive":[20,109],"and":[21,56,105,110,130,141],"multiplicative":[22,111],"biases":[23],"while":[24],"preserving":[25],"biological":[26],"variability.":[27],"However,":[28],"relies":[30],"on":[31,114],"a":[32,69,74],"set":[33],"of":[34,71,78,91,102,108],"assumptions":[35],"that,":[36],"when":[37],"violated,":[38],"can":[39],"result":[40],"in":[41],"flawed":[42],"harmonization.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,87,117],"thoroughly":[48],"review":[49],"ComBAT's":[50],"mathematical":[51],"foundation,":[52],"outlining":[53],"these":[54,115],"assumptions,":[55],"exploring":[57],"their":[58],"implications":[59],"demographic":[62],"composition":[63],"necessary":[64],"optimal":[66],"results.":[67],"Through":[68],"series":[70],"experiments":[72],"involving":[73],"slightly":[75],"modified":[76],"version":[77],"called":[80],"Pairwise-ComBAT":[81],"tailored":[82],"normative":[84],"modeling":[85],"applications,":[86],"assess":[88],"impact":[90],"various":[92],"population":[93,96],"characteristics,":[94],"including":[95],"size,":[97],"age":[98],"distribution,":[99],"absence":[101],"certain":[103],"covariates,":[104],"magnitude":[107],"factors.":[112],"Based":[113],"experiments,":[116],"present":[118],"five":[119],"essential":[120,134],"recommendations":[121],"that":[122],"should":[123],"be":[124],"carefully":[125],"considered":[126],"enhance":[128],"consistency":[129],"supporting":[131],"reproducibility,":[132],"two":[133],"factors":[135],"open":[137],"science,":[138],"collaborative":[139],"research,":[140],"real-life":[142],"clinical":[143],"deployment.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-19T00:00:00"}
