{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6948336156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.08828","title":"Human-AI Collaboration or Academic Misconduct? Measuring AI Use in Student Writing Through Stylometric Evidence","display_name":"Human-AI Collaboration or Academic Misconduct? Measuring AI Use in Student Writing Through Stylometric Evidence","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6948336156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.08828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.08828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.08828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.08828","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Oliveira, Eduardo Araujo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliveira, Eduardo Araujo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohoni, Madhavi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohoni, Madhavi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L\u00f3pez-Pernas, Sonsoles","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L\u00f3pez-Pernas, Sonsoles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Saqr, Mohammed","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saqr, Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14380","display_name":"Libraries and Information Services","score":0.3736000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14380","display_name":"Libraries and Information Services","score":0.3736000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12377","display_name":"Digital Humanities and Scholarship","score":0.19329999387264252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14330","display_name":"Library Science and Information Systems","score":0.03550000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-writing","display_name":"Academic writing","score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.4731999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stylometry","display_name":"Stylometry","score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punitive-damages","display_name":"Punitive damages","score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-dishonesty","display_name":"Academic dishonesty","score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.3528999984264374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119867837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4119870","display_name":"Academic writing","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4731999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11192451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2032038","display_name":"Stylometry","level":2,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3862999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83645499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285466","display_name":"Punitive damages","level":2,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776603611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348417","display_name":"Academic dishonesty","level":3,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4671278","display_name":"Academic integrity","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13622073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2243831","display_name":"Writing style","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780967703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2571389","display_name":"Collaborative editing","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.08828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.08828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.08828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.08828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8448420166969299}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"human-AI":[1,182],"collaboration":[2,183],"becomes":[3],"increasingly":[4],"prevalent":[5],"in":[6,45,215],"educational":[7],"contexts,":[8],"understanding":[9],"and":[10,14,55,71,76,88,110,155,158,180,186],"measuring":[11],"the":[12,25,101,171,210],"extent":[13],"nature":[15],"of":[16,27,92,140,212],"such":[17],"interactions":[18],"pose":[19],"significant":[20],"challenges.":[21],"This":[22,201],"research":[23],"investigates":[24],"use":[26],"authorship":[28,112],"verification":[29],"(AV)":[30],"techniques":[31],"not":[32],"as":[33,38],"a":[34,39,49,84,193],"punitive":[35],"measure,":[36],"but":[37],"means":[40],"to":[41,103,126,135,164,176,196],"quantify":[42],"AI":[43],"assistance":[44],"academic":[46,129,198,213],"writing,":[47],"with":[48,192],"focus":[50],"on":[51,59],"promoting":[52],"transparency,":[53],"interpretability,":[54],"student":[56,166],"development.":[57],"Building":[58],"prior":[60],"work,":[61],"we":[62,99],"structured":[63],"our":[64],"investigation":[65],"into":[66,209],"three":[67,80],"stages:":[68],"dataset":[69,86],"selection":[70],"expansion,":[72],"AV":[73,124,173,204],"method":[74],"development,":[75],"systematic":[77],"evaluation.":[78],"Using":[79],"datasets":[81],"-":[82,98],"including":[83,151],"public":[85],"(PAN-14)":[87],"two":[89],"from":[90,95,114],"University":[91],"Melbourne":[93],"students":[94],"various":[96],"courses":[97],"expanded":[100],"data":[102],"include":[104],"LLM-generated":[105,156],"texts,":[106],"totalling":[107],"1,889":[108],"documents":[109],"540":[111],"problems":[113],"506":[115],"students.":[116],"We":[117],"developed":[118],"an":[119,216],"adapted":[120],"Feature":[121],"Vector":[122],"Difference":[123],"methodology":[125],"construct":[127],"robust":[128],"writing":[130,167,214],"profiles":[131],"for":[132],"students,":[133],"designed":[134],"capture":[136],"meaningful,":[137],"individual":[138],"characteristics":[139],"their":[141],"writing.":[142],"The":[143],"method's":[144],"effectiveness":[145],"was":[146],"evaluated":[147],"across":[148],"multiple":[149],"scenarios,":[150],"distinguishing":[152],"between":[153],"student-authored":[154],"texts":[157],"testing":[159],"resilience":[160],"against":[161],"LLMs'":[162],"attempts":[163],"mimic":[165],"styles.":[168],"Results":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"enhanced":[172],"classifier's":[174],"ability":[175],"identify":[177],"stylometric":[178],"discrepancies":[179],"measure":[181],"at":[184],"word":[185],"sentence":[187],"levels":[188],"while":[189],"providing":[190],"educators":[191],"transparent":[194],"tool":[195],"support":[197],"integrity":[199],"investigations.":[200],"work":[202],"advances":[203],"technology,":[205],"offering":[206],"actionable":[207],"insights":[208],"dynamics":[211],"AI-driven":[217],"era.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}