{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417513653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.06758","title":"8 Years of Optimizing Apache Otava: How disconnected open source developers took an algorithm from n3 to constant time","display_name":"8 Years of Optimizing Apache Otava: How disconnected open source developers took an algorithm from n3 to constant time","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417513653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.06758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.06758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06758","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.06758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.06758","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079566464","display_name":"Henrik Ingo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1571-5108"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ingo, Henrik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079566464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.2955999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.2955999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.1736000031232834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.14890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebase","display_name":"Codebase","score":0.9007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5325000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-service","display_name":"Web service","score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.38909998536109924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51929080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2425187","display_name":"Codebase","level":3,"score":0.9007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5325000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139968098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3055454","display_name":"Development environment","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172086080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62270","display_name":"Remote procedure call","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204156049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751436","display_name":"Inter-process communication","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017489831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Running time","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.06758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06758","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.06758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.06758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.06758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.06758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06758","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.06758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,17,22,45,52,95,126,148,158,161,166,180,194,212,215,224,253],"project":[2],"now":[3,55,165],"known":[4,56],"as":[5,57,125],"Apache":[6,58],"Otava":[7,59,110],"(incubating)":[8],"makes":[9],"it":[10,76,116],"first":[11,46],"release,":[12],"we":[13,106,139],"look":[14],"back":[15],"over":[16,179,211],"past":[18,181],"8":[19,182],"years":[20,183],"that":[21,109,115],"codebase":[23],"was":[24,72,117],"developed":[25,141],"by":[26,137,186,214],"a":[27,68,133,144,204],"rather":[28],"uncoordinated,":[29],"loosely":[30],"connected":[31],"group":[32],"of":[33,51,160,169,184,218,226],"performance":[34,88,104,170],"engineers":[35],"at":[36,91,189],"MongoDB,":[37],"Datastax,":[38],"Confluent,":[39],"Nyrkio":[40,96],"and":[41,142,197,220,243],"others.":[42],"Ever":[43],"since":[44],"publication":[47],"(Daly":[48],"2020),":[49],"developers":[50],"code":[53],"base":[54],"(incubating),":[60],"have":[61,107,140,176],"continuosly":[62],"improved":[63],"its":[64],"performance.":[65],"Even":[66],"when":[67],"contributor's":[69],"primary":[70],"motivation":[71],"to":[73,84,99,120,157,207,234,241],"add":[74],"functionality,":[75],"seems":[77],"like":[78],"they":[79],"couldn't":[80],"help":[81],"themselves":[82],"but":[83],"also":[85],"make":[86],"some":[87],"optimizations":[89,171,196],"while":[90],"it.":[92],"When":[93],"developing":[94],"web":[97,134],"service":[98],"provide":[100],"change":[101,122,245],"detection":[102],"for":[103,147],"testing,":[105],"observed":[108],"had":[111],"become":[112],"fast":[113],"enough":[114],"almost":[118],"feasible":[119],"compute":[121,242],"points":[123,154,246],"synchronously,":[124],"user":[127,254],"is":[128,164],"browsing":[129],"test":[130],"results":[131],"in":[132,172,200,247,252],"browser.":[135],"Inspired":[136],"this,":[138],"contributed":[143],"new":[145,152,250],"optimization":[146],"common":[149],"case":[150],"where":[151],"data":[153],"are":[155],"appended":[156],"end":[159],"series.":[162],"This":[163],"7th":[167],"generation":[168],"Otava.":[173],"These":[174],"improvements":[175],"been":[177],"done":[178],"development,":[185],"disconnected":[187],"individuals":[188],"different":[190],"employees.":[191],"Taken":[192],"together,":[193],"historical":[195],"those":[198],"published":[199],"this":[201],"paper,":[202],"represent":[203],"18":[205],"000":[206,209],"300":[208],"speedup":[210],"original":[213],"book":[216],"implementation":[217],"(Matteson":[219],"James":[221],"2014).":[222],"In":[223],"language":[225],"computational":[227],"complexity,":[228],"an":[229],"evolution":[230],"from":[231],"O":[232,235],"(n3)":[233],"(1)":[236],"(constant":[237],"time).":[238],"The":[239],"ability":[240],"recompute":[244],"real-time":[248],"unlocks":[249],"opportunities":[251],"experience.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}