{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416529434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2504.05747","title":"SEA-LION: Southeast Asian Languages in One Network","display_name":"SEA-LION: Southeast Asian Languages in One Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416529434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2504.05747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.05747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.05747","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.05747","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.05747","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113567130","display_name":"Raymond T. Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-8524"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ng, Raymond","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nguyen, Thanh Ngan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen, Thanh Ngan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101014874","display_name":"Huang Yuli","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Yuli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113255605","display_name":"Ngee Chia Tai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tai, Ngee Chia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Leong, Wai Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leong, Wai Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038370332","display_name":"Wei Qi Leong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0645-1112"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leong, Wei Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119181361","display_name":"Xianbin Yong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong, Xianbin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008355407","display_name":"Jian Gang Ngui","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngui, Jian Gang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034411908","display_name":"Yosephine Susanto","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanto, Yosephine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039684056","display_name":"Nien-Yun Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng, Nicholas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062797041","display_name":"Hamsawardhini Rengarajan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rengarajan, Hamsawardhini","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038217558","display_name":"Peerat Limkonchotiwat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7212-8228"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limkonchotiwat, Peerat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116358078","display_name":"Adithya Venkatadri Hulagadri","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hulagadri, Adithya Venkatadri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120560045","display_name":"Kok Wai Teng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng, Kok Wai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015953938","display_name":"Y Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1489-0609"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong, Yeo Yeow","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120609572","display_name":"Bryan Siow","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siow, Bryan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105369560","display_name":"Wei Teo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teo, Wei Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lau, Wayne","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lau, Wayne","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tan, Choon Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan, Choon Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050180158","display_name":"Brandon Ong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ong, Brandon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120420138","display_name":"Zhi Hao Ong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ong, Zhi Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114414638","display_name":"Jann Railey Montalan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montalan, Jann Railey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chan, Adwin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan, Adwin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120466391","display_name":"Sajeban Antonyrex","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonyrex, Sajeban","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014744596","display_name":"R. J. Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120372564","display_name":"Esther Choa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choa, Esther","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120420139","display_name":"David Ong Tat-Wee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tat-Wee, David Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070851801","display_name":"Bing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-157X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Bing Jie Darius","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086528347","display_name":"William Chandra Tjhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9861-3545"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tjhi, William Chandra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752356","display_name":"Erik Cambria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3030-1280"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cambria, Erik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Teo, Leslie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teo, Leslie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.23109999299049377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.23109999299049377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.16439999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.0803999975323677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southeast-asia","display_name":"Southeast asia","score":0.5860999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-asia","display_name":"East Asia","score":0.3741999864578247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019398675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11708","display_name":"Southeast asia","level":2,"score":0.5860999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76775654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27231","display_name":"East Asia","level":3,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.05747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.05747","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.05747","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2504.05747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2504.05747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.05747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.05747","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.05747","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416529434.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416529434.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"Large":[1],"Language":[2],"Models":[3],"(LLMs)":[4],"have":[5],"dominated":[6],"much":[7],"of":[8,25,66,100],"the":[9,23,39,126,130],"artificial":[10],"intelligence":[11],"scene":[12],"with":[13,92],"their":[14],"ability":[15],"to":[16,128],"process":[17],"and":[18,28,53,83,104],"generate":[19],"natural":[20],"languages.":[21,62,123],"However,":[22],"majority":[24],"LLM":[26],"research":[27],"development":[29],"remains":[30],"English-centric,":[31],"leaving":[32],"low-resource":[33],"languages":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36],"those":[37],"in":[38],"Southeast":[40],"Asian":[41],"(SEA)":[42],"region":[43],"under-represented.":[44],"To":[45],"address":[46],"this":[47],"representation":[48],"gap,":[49],"we":[50],"introduce":[51],"Llama-SEA-LION-v3-8B-IT":[52],"Gemma-SEA-LION-v3-9B-IT,":[54],"two":[55],"cutting-edge":[56],"multilingual":[57,89,110],"LLMs":[58,67,120],"designed":[59],"for":[60],"SEA":[61,70,122,132],"The":[63],"SEA-LION":[64],"family":[65],"supports":[68],"11":[69],"languages,":[71],"namely":[72],"English,":[73],"Chinese,":[74],"Indonesian,":[75],"Vietnamese,":[76],"Malay,":[77],"Thai,":[78],"Burmese,":[79],"Lao,":[80],"Filipino,":[81],"Tamil,":[82],"Khmer.":[84],"Our":[85],"work":[86],"leverages":[87],"large-scale":[88],"continued":[90],"pre-training":[91],"a":[93],"comprehensive":[94],"post-training":[95],"regime":[96],"involving":[97],"multiple":[98],"stages":[99],"instruction":[101],"fine-tuning,":[102],"alignment,":[103],"model":[105],"merging.":[106],"Evaluation":[107],"results":[108],"on":[109],"benchmarks":[111],"indicate":[112],"that":[113],"our":[114],"models":[115,127],"achieve":[116],"state-of-the-art":[117],"performance":[118],"across":[119],"supporting":[121],"We":[124],"open-source":[125],"benefit":[129],"wider":[131],"community.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}