{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405354392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.08812","title":"Test-Time Alignment via Hypothesis Reweighting","display_name":"Test-Time Alignment via Hypothesis Reweighting","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405354392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.08812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2412.08812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08812","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.08812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.08812","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047036903","display_name":"Yoonho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-2191"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Yoonho","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014878886","display_name":"Jonathan S. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7152-765X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Williams, Jonathan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000779244","display_name":"Henrik Marklund","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marklund, Henrik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025544335","display_name":"Archit Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2468-3470"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharma, Archit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074009646","display_name":"Eric Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7487-1744"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell, Eric","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088818925","display_name":"Anikait Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Singh, Anikait","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005431772","display_name":"Chelsea Finn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6298-0874"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Finn, Chelsea","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047036903"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.9520000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.9520000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.6512970328330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4690706431865692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3663442134857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26101773977279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1548353135585785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6512970328330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4690706431865692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3663442134857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26101773977279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1548353135585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2412.08812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08812","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.08812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2412.08812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08812","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.08812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2412.08812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.08812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2412.08812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08812","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.08812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6870642846","display_name":"CAREER: Robust and Autonomous Robot Adaptation in Novel Scenarios","funder_award_id":"2237693","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405354392.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405354392.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reward":[0],"models":[1,151],"trained":[2],"on":[3,56,152],"aggregate":[4],"preferences":[5],"often":[6],"fail":[7],"to":[8,100],"capture":[9,64,88],"individual":[10],"users'":[11],"values,":[12],"but":[13],"existing":[14],"adaptation":[15],"methods":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18,138,140],"fine-tuning":[19],"or":[20,51],"long-context":[21],"conditioning":[22],"are":[23],"too":[24],"costly":[25],"for":[26,126],"real-time":[27,36],"personalization.":[28,128],"We":[29,129],"propose":[30],"Hypothesis":[31],"Reweighting":[32],"(HyRe),":[33],"which":[34],"enables":[35],"personalization":[37,168],"by":[38,164],"reweighting":[39,71],"ensemble":[40],"members":[41],"using":[42],"just":[43],"1-5":[44],"labeled":[45],"examples":[46],"from":[47],"the":[48,57,102,107],"target":[49,108,134,145],"user":[50],"domain.":[52],"Our":[53],"method":[54],"builds":[55],"empirical":[58],"observation":[59],"that":[60,87,104],"when":[61],"different":[62,65,89],"heads":[63,86,103],"valid":[66,90],"interpretations":[67,91],"of":[68,92],"preference":[69,93,135,142],"data,":[70,94],"them":[72],"can":[73],"substantially":[74],"outperform":[75],"uniform":[76],"averaging.":[77],"HyRe":[78,131,147],"trains":[79],"a":[80,97,114],"single":[81,115],"network":[82],"with":[83,118],"multiple":[84],"prediction":[85],"then":[95],"uses":[96],"Bayesian":[98],"update":[99],"upweight":[101],"best":[105],"match":[106],"user's":[109],"preferences.":[110],"This":[111],"requires":[112],"only":[113],"forward":[116],"pass":[117],"negligible":[119],"(&lt;1%)":[120],"computational":[121],"overhead,":[122],"making":[123],"it":[124],"practical":[125],"inference-time":[127],"evaluate":[130],"across":[132,166],"diverse":[133],"distributions.":[136],"With":[137],"few":[139],"five":[141],"pairs":[143],"per":[144],"distribution,":[146],"surpasses":[148],"state-of-the-art":[149],"reward":[150,161],"RewardBench":[153],"at":[154],"2B":[155],"and":[156,159],"8B":[157],"scale":[158],"improves":[160],"model":[162],"accuracy":[163],"20%":[165],"32":[167],"tasks.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T06:01:30.510260","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
