{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405094836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.03944","title":"Chain-of-Thought in Large Language Models: Decoding, Projection, and Activation","display_name":"Chain-of-Thought in Large Language Models: Decoding, Projection, and Activation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405094836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.03944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2412.03944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.03944","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.03944","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.03944","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115595948","display_name":"Hao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7437-1815"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026416661","display_name":"Qi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-0680"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Qianghua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440407","display_name":"Lei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-9776"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.7146999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.7146999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.6592000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.7466291189193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.6040246486663818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain","display_name":"Chain (unit)","score":0.5781972408294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5214619040489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.39699241518974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.18117958307266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16926902532577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07412803173065186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.7466291189193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6040246486663818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5781972408294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5214619040489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.39699241518974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18117958307266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16926902532577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07412803173065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2412.03944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.03944","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.03944","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2412.03944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.03944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2412.03944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.03944","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.03944","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405094836.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405094836.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chain-of-Thought":[0],"prompting":[1],"has":[2],"significantly":[3],"enhanced":[4],"the":[5,21,30,46,71,96,117],"reasoning":[6],"capabilities":[7],"of":[8,70,93],"large":[9],"language":[10],"models,":[11],"with":[12,67],"numerous":[13],"studies":[14],"exploring":[15],"factors":[16],"influencing":[17],"its":[18],"performance.":[19],"However,":[20],"underlying":[22],"mechanisms":[23],"remain":[24],"poorly":[25],"understood.":[26],"To":[27],"further":[28],"demystify":[29],"operational":[31],"principles,":[32],"this":[33],"work":[34],"examines":[35],"three":[36],"key":[37],"aspects:":[38],"decoding,":[39],"projection,":[40],"and":[41,88,110],"activation,":[42],"aiming":[43],"to":[44,105],"elucidate":[45],"changes":[47],"that":[48,58],"occur":[49],"within":[50],"models":[51],"when":[52,116],"employing":[53],"Chainof-Thought.":[54],"Our":[55,108],"findings":[56],"reveal":[57],"LLMs":[59],"effectively":[60],"imitate":[61],"exemplar":[62],"formats":[63],"while":[64],"integrating":[65],"them":[66],"their":[68],"understanding":[69],"question,":[72],"exhibiting":[73],"fluctuations":[74],"in":[75,95],"token":[76],"logits":[77,86],"during":[78],"generation":[79],"but":[80],"ultimately":[81],"producing":[82],"a":[83,90],"more":[84,100],"concentrated":[85],"distribution,":[87],"activating":[89],"broader":[91],"set":[92],"neurons":[94],"final":[97],"layers,":[98],"indicating":[99],"extensive":[101],"knowledge":[102],"retrieval":[103],"compared":[104],"standard":[106],"prompts.":[107],"code":[109],"data":[111],"will":[112],"be":[113],"publicly":[114],"avialable":[115],"paper":[118],"is":[119],"accepted.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2024-12-07T00:00:00"}