{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404374714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2411.04075","title":"M3SciQA: A Multi-Modal Multi-Document Scientific QA Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models","display_name":"M3SciQA: A Multi-Modal Multi-Document Scientific QA Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404374714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2411.04075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2411.04075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04075","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.04075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.04075","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108907561","display_name":"Chuhan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li, Chuhan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114634116","display_name":"Ziyao Shangguan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangguan, Ziyao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047416722","display_name":"Yilun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6812-5120"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Yilun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029780322","display_name":"Deyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-4906"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Deyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386682","display_name":"Yixin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-5076"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Yixin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064858748","display_name":"Arman Cohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8954-2724"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cohan, Arman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108907561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.49160000681877136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.49160000681877136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.450300008058548,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.8329470157623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.809766411781311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.683750331401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5474057197570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3463361859321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10638374090194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08722028136253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.07394614815711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.07181990146636963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.8329470157623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.809766411781311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.683750331401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5474057197570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3463361859321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10638374090194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08722028136253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07394614815711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.07181990146636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2411.04075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04075","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.04075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.04075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2411.04075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2411.04075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04075","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.04075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313903","display_name":"Tata Consultancy Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9n8m42"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325807","display_name":"Tata Sons","ror":"https://ror.org/000628g58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404374714.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"benchmarks":[1],"for":[2,51,143],"evaluating":[3],"foundation":[4,57,108,115,149],"models":[5,116,150],"mainly":[6],"focus":[7],"on":[8],"single-document,":[9],"text-only":[10],"tasks.":[11],"However,":[12],"they":[13],"often":[14],"fail":[15],"to":[16,121],"fully":[17],"capture":[18],"the":[19,86,138,144],"complexity":[20],"of":[21,56,61,88,106,140,147],"research":[22],"workflows,":[23],"which":[24],"typically":[25],"involve":[26],"interpreting":[27],"non-textual":[28],"data":[29],"and":[30,96,128],"gathering":[31],"information":[32,126],"across":[33,131],"multiple":[34,132],"documents.":[35,134],"To":[36],"address":[37],"this":[38],"gap,":[39],"we":[40,101,136],"introduce":[41],"M3SciQA,":[42,100],"a":[43,52,76,90,103],"multi-modal,":[44],"multi-document":[45,97],"scientific":[46,133,153],"question":[47],"answering":[48],"benchmark":[49],"designed":[50],"more":[53],"comprehensive":[54,104],"evaluation":[55,105],"models.":[58,109],"M3SciQA":[59],"consists":[60],"1,452":[62],"expert-annotated":[63],"questions":[64],"spanning":[65],"70":[66],"natural":[67],"language":[68],"processing":[69],"paper":[70,78,92],"clusters,":[71],"where":[72],"each":[73],"cluster":[74],"represents":[75],"primary":[77],"along":[79],"with":[80],"all":[81],"its":[82],"cited":[83],"documents,":[84],"mirroring":[85],"workflow":[87],"comprehending":[89],"single":[91],"by":[93],"requiring":[94],"multi-modal":[95,125,152],"data.":[98],"With":[99],"conduct":[102],"18":[107],"Our":[110],"results":[111],"indicate":[112],"that":[113],"current":[114],"still":[117],"significantly":[118],"underperform":[119],"compared":[120],"human":[122],"experts":[123],"in":[124,129,151],"retrieval":[127],"reasoning":[130],"Additionally,":[135],"explore":[137],"implications":[139],"these":[141],"findings":[142],"future":[145],"advancement":[146],"applying":[148],"literature":[154],"analysis.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
